in Portland, Oregon ]]
In Commerce , a or '''multi-department store''' is a Superstore which combines a Supermarket and a Department Store . The result is a very large Retail facility which carries an enormous range of products under one roof, including full lines of Groceries and General Merchandise . When they are planned, constructed, and executed correctly, a consumer can ideally satisfy all of his or her routine weekly shopping needs in one trip.
Hypermarkets, like other Big-box Store s, typically have business models focusing on high-volume, low- Margin sales. Because of their large Footprints — a typical Wal-Mart Supercenter covers 14,000 M&2 (150,000 Square Feet ), a typical Carrefour 19,500 m&2 (210,000 square feet) — and the need for many shoppers to carry large quantities of goods, many hypermarkets choose Suburb an or out-of-town locations that are easily accessible by automobile.
The concept was pioneered by Hendrik Meijer in the US when he opened his first hypermarket, in 1973. Facts & Figures
In the by opening its first SuperTarget store in Omaha, Nebraska . Discount Store News article ''The test takes off: SuperTarget cautiously picks up the pace - The Power Retailers: Target''
(Wal-Mart's hypermarket brand)]]
After the successes of super- and hyper-markets and amid fears that smaller stores would be forced out of business, France enacted laws that made it more difficult to build hypermarkets and also restricted the amount of economic leverage that hypermarket chains can impose upon their suppliers (the ''Loi Galland''). Large retailers for the most part work around the law by using loopholes. As Of 2004 , the ''Loi Galland'' has become increasingly controversial and there have been calls to amend it.
In Japan , hypermarkets may be found in urban areas as well as less populated areas. The Japanese government encourages hypermarket installations, as mutual investment by financial stocks are a common way to run hypermarkets. Japanese hypermarkets may contain restaurants, Manga (Japanese comic) stands, Internet Cafe s, typical department store merchandise, a full range of groceries, Beauty Salon s and other services all inside the same store. A recent trend has been to combine the Dollar Store concept with the hypermarket blueprint, giving rise to the " Hyakkin plaza"—''hyakkin'' (百均) or ''hyaku en'' (百円) means 100 Yen (roughly 1 US Dollar ).
In France, hypermarkets are generally situated in Shopping Center s ( French : ''centre commercial'') outside of cities. They are surrounded by extensive parking lots, and generally by other specialized large stores (for instance, selling clothing, sports gear, automotive items, etc.).
Carrefour has been the creator of hypermarkets in the world, it all started in 1963 in Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois . In France, the dominant chain is Carrefour which is the 2nd largest chain of hypermarkets in the world after Wal-Mart in terms of revenues, and Carrefour has the largest hypermarkets in the world in terms of size. Other important brands include Géant Casino (with 120 hypermarkets around the world), Auchan, Leclerc and Cora.
Stores in the United States tend to be single-level enterprises with long operating hours; many of them, especially Wal-Mart, are continuously open except on major holidays (typically Thanksgiving and Christmas ). There is some controversy to hypermarts in the U.S., with opposition coming primarily from Preservationist s who argue that they destroy conventional retail districts, including independent grocers and supermarkets and Downtown s. Hypermarkets have been most successful in northern states where adverse winter weather conditions make it inconvenient to visit multiple stores.
Source''Forbes'' magazine, February 13, 1995, p. 55, "Squeezing the tomatoes."
- Auchan - Tested in the Houston and Chicago areas. These stores were reduced in size from between 220,000 and 260,000 square feet (20,500 to 24,000m&2) to between 150,000 and 220,000 (14,000 to 20,500), since 1995 as Wal-Mart Supercenter and Super Kmart.
- Leedmark, a joint-venture involving E.Leclerc of France, opened one 306,000 squart foot store near Washington DC
- Treasure Island
- In Canada , Loblaw's operates the Real Canadian Superstore , Atlantic Superstore and in Quebec Maxi & Cie. Wal-Mart has been operating Stores In Canada since 1994. Initially, Wal-Mart stores offered only dry goods with very few basic groceries (mostly candy, with some snacks and staples), but in more recent years has included a larger selection of grocery items in their stores. This includes an aisle or two of refrigerated and Frozen Goods . As Of 2006 , the majority of stores have been modified to reflect this change. However, in 2006 , Wal-Mart began building larger stores similar to the Supercenter format in the United States. The first three opened in Ancaster , London , and Stouffville in Ontario , with another 14 projected to open across Canada by the end of the 2007 . A number of existing stores may be expanded to reflect this change, where space allows.
- In Australia , Coles Myer tried the hypermarket concept in the mid- to late 1980s with more than 35 Super K-Mart stores. However, these were converted to K-Mart and Coles Supermarkets in the early 1990s. Coles Myer still have two hypermarkets in Brisbane named Pick 'n Pay . Coles Myer had planned to open a group of hypermarkets called Coles SuperCentres in late 2007 , but due to lower than expected financial performance of the company as well as the fact that it has put itself up for sale to private equity firms, the rollout of the hypermarkets has been delayed. {Link without Title}
- In Belarus , there is a hypermarket called Gippo (Гиппо) in Minsk . Its logo contains a Hippopotamus {Link without Title} .
- In Brazil , there are hypermarkets open 24 hours a day, such as Extra (from the Pão de Açúcar business group), as well as foreign companies, such as Wal-Mart and Carrefour.
- In Chile , the principal hypermarkets are Líder , Jumbo and Tottus .
- In China , the largest hypermarket retailer is Shanghai -based Bailian (百联), followed by Beijing -based Hualian (华联). Foreign retailers such as Carrefour, Wal-Mart, Metro, Tesco, Auchan and Ito Yokado also have a large presence in China.
- In Croatia , Mercator and Super Konzum have hypermakets in major towns.
- In the Czech Republic , major hypermarkets are Hypernova of Ahold , Globus and Tesco . Cash and carry Makro has its store here too. The film '' Czech Dream '' explores the relationship between the general public and hypermarkets.
- In Denmark , Bilka is the biggest chain of hypermarkets (operated by Dansk Supermarked ); the 2nd biggest chain is Kvickly Xtra (formerly known as OBS, and operated by Coop). Opening of new hypermarkets have decreased resently because of restriction on store sizes to protect the stores in city centers.
- In Egypt there are two hypermarket chains, Carrefour with two locations in Cairo and one in Alexandria and Spinneys with only one outlet in Cairo's prominent shopping mall Citystars .
- Estonia Latvia and Lithuania have the chain Rimi , which stocks food and other goods in the larger cities of the two countries.
- In Finland the largest hypermarkets are Prisma ( S-Group ), Citymarket ( Kesko ) and Euromarket ( Tradeka ).
- In ). However, for various reasons, such as the strong competition by more focused discounters such as Aldi and Lidl , as well as legal restrictions on store size, Pricing Policy , and Opening Times , the hypermarket concept is not as widespread in Germany as in other countries.
- In Hong Kong , there were some hypermarkets owned by Carrefour . Currently, there are four hypermarkets, all named PARKnSHOP Megastore.
- In Hungary the biggest hypermarket brand is Tesco . Auchan , Cora , Metro and Spar operates also several hypermarket in the country.
- In India , Reliance Retail and Big Bazaar are the major hypermarket chains, though the recent opening up of the retail sector to foreign investors is likely to increase the numbers exponentially. Also V Mart In Ernakulam
- in Indonesia , Carrefour is the market leader, competing with local owned Hypermart (a subsidairy of Matahari group) and Malaysia's Giant Hypermarket .
- In Italy and Italian-speaking parts of Switzerland , the term is ''ipermercati''; see Ipercoop .
- In Japan , JUSCO (Aeon), Ito Yokado , YouMe Town, Fuji and Aoiyama are widely seen. Tokyo Hyper fish market, the world's largest fishmarket, is a hypermarket as well.
- In and one in Salmiya ( link title ).
- In Lithuania , there is the homegrown chain of Maxima Supermarket s which range in sizes from neighborhood convenience stores to giant supercenters that stock over 65,000 different brands. The chain has 399 stores open throughout Lithuania and its neighboring countries.
- In Malaysia , Giant Hypermarket is the country's first own hypermarket. Other major hypermarkets are Tesco and Carrefour .
- In Mexico , Comercial Mexicana is the competitor to Walmex , the Mexican operations of Wal-Mart.
- In Norway the Coop chain operates hypermarkets under the Obs! name.
- In Peru , the Wong and its sister hypermarket Hipermercados Metro are the biggest chain in Peru. Their main competitor is Tottus which has the largest stores in South America.
- In Poland , the most common hypermarkets are Carrefour , Géant , Real (which is a brand of METRO AG ) and Tesco .
- In Portugal , there are a considerable number of hypermarket chains in operation, including Continente (the biggest and the first Portuguese chain to go international), Jumbo , Feira Nova and Carrefour . Most of these chains also operate supermarkets and smaller stores.
- In 's Lenta (Лента) has also some stores in big cities, so does Novosibirsk 's Gigant (Гигант).
- In Saudi Arabia , Géant and Carrefour are the major hypermarkets.
- In the Philippines, mall and department store operator Shoemart has blanketed the islands with the hypermarket concept using the SM brand as an Anchor Store to their malls.
- In and local NTUC followed.
- In Slovenia the biggest is Mercator, the 2nd biggest is Spar and the third is Tuš.
- In South Africa , the Pick 'n Pay chain uses the term for 14 of their largest stores.
- In South Korea , foreign hypermarkets Carrefour and Walmart failed to gain popularity. Korean hypermarkets include E-Mart , Lotte Shopping, Home Plus and Homever.
- In Spain , the largest hypermarkets are Eroski and Hipercor (short for ''Hiper''mercado El ''Cor''te Inglés ). Carrefour also operates many stores in Spain. Spanish hypermarkets tend to be located in the industrial sprawl outside of Spain's dense urban cores.
- In Sri Lanka , Arpico Supercentres have few around the capital city, Colombo .
- In the United Kingdom , the first hypermarket in the UK was opened in Irlam in 1976 by Tesco . Tesco now operate some smaller hypermarkets known as "Tesco Extra" and also some Tesco Hypermarket s. ASDA (owned by Wal-Mart) also operates some hypermarkets branded as "ASDA Wal-Mart Supercentres". Sainsbury's operated a dedicated hypermarket format from 1975 to 1999. These thirteen "Savacentre" stores were originally a joint venture with BHS and after 1989 became a wholly-owned subsidiary. In 1999 Savacentre stores were merged into the rest of the Sainsbury's supermarket chain.
Another category of stores sometimes included in the hypermarket category is the membership-based on the East Coast. In Europe, Makro leads the market. However, warehouse clubs differ from what is normally considered a hypermarket because of their sparse interior decor, restrictive membership, and broad-not-deep selections that maximize Inventory turnover.
|
