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BASIC IDEAS There are two basic paradigms:
COMPONENT EQUIVALENTS ; Wire s : All pipes are completely full of water, and none ever has an open end. If a pipe were to go somewhere without reconnecting to the circuit, it would have to have a cap on the end. This is because the wall of the pipe is like an insulator, and a wire just sticking out into insulating space/air is like a completely pipe-surrounded rod of water. ; . ; Voltage : Also called ''potential difference''. A difference in pressure between two points ; ; that is, the quantity of flowing water over time. ; Ideal Voltage Source : A pump with a pressure meter on both sides. It varies the speed of the pump to keep the difference in pressure constant. ; Ideal ). The pump changes speed to maintain a constant speed of the little paddle wheel. ; Resistor : A pipe with a small width. "So what makes this different from a regular-width pipe?". More water-preassure required to get the same amount of water through the pipe but it will flow faster (as less water gets through at the time). All pipes have some resistance, just like all wires have some resistance. ; . If it has a rubber flap it can be blown out permanently by too much Reverse Bias , which is similar to the real thing. ; Capacitor : Big spherical tanks with a sheet of thick rubber separating the two halves. ; , which has similar effects to inductance. A large, heavy, frictionless paddle wheel is like a dedicated inductor. As you try to increase a DC current, you encounter resistance as you speed up the paddle wheel, but after it is going, you can send a current at the same speed as the paddle wheel with no effort. If you try to put AC through it, the wheel will present a great resistance, as its inertia prevents you from moving it back and forth. Any real paddle wheel will have some friction associated with it, just as any real inductor has some resistance. The DC To DC Converter uses inductance to change voltage in the way that a Hydraulic Ram uses inertia to change pressure. ; valve, where a diaphragm controlled by a low-current signal (either constant current — BJT , or constant pressure — FET ) moves a plunger which allows a larger current to flow through another section of pipe, like a Globe Valve . ; transistors. As the input pressure changes, the pistons allow the output to connect to either zero or positive pressure. PRINCIPLE EQUIVALENTS ; EM wave speed ( in water. When a light switch is flipped, the electric wave travels very quickly through the wires. ; Charge flow speed : Particle speed of water. The moving charges themselves move rather slowly. ; DC : Constant flow of water in a circuit of pipe ; Low Frequency AC : Water oscillating back and forth in a pipe ; being transmitted through the water pipes ; Inductive spark : Used in Induction Coil s, similar to Water Hammer , caused by the inertia of water EQUATION EXAMPLES Some examples of equivalent electrical and hydraulic equations:
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