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Howard University is a University located in Washington, D.C. , USA . An Historically Black University , Howard was established in 1867 by congressional order and named for Oliver O. Howard . Notable alumni include Debbie Allen , Claude Brown , Stokeley Carmichael , Ossie Davis , Roberta Flack , Shaka Hislop , Thurgood Marshall , Toni Morrison , Phylicia Rashad and Richard Smallwood . Howard University is the number one producer of African American Ph.D.s in the United States. BACKGROUND Howard was established by a charter in 1867, and much of its early funding came from endowment, private benefaction, and tuition. An annual congressional appropriation administered by the . The college was named after General Oliver O. Howard who was commissioner of the Freeman's Bureau and the college's third president. From its outset, it was Nonsectarian and open to people of both sexes and all races. Howard has graduate schools of law, medicine, dentistry and divinity, in addition to the undergraduate program. The current enrollment (as of 2003 ) is approximately 11,000, including 7,000 undergraduates. The university's football homecoming activities serve as one of the premier annual events in Washington. HISTORY .]]Howard University has played an important role in American History and the Civil Rights Movement on a number of occasions. Alain Locke , Chair of the Department of Philosophy and first African American Rhodes Scholar , authored The New Negro which helped to usher in the Harlem Renaissance . Ralph Bunche , the first Nobel Peace Prize winner of African descent, served as chair of the Department of Political Science . Stokely Carmichael , also known as Kwame Toure , a student in the Department of Philosophy coined the term Black Power and worked in Lowndes County , Alabama as a Voting Rights activist. Historian Rayford Logan served as chair of the Department of History . E. Franklin Frazier served as chair of the Department of Sociology . Sterling Allen Brown served as chair of the Department of English . After being refused admission to the then-white-only University Of Maryland School Of Law , a young Lincoln University graduate Thurgood Marshall enrolled at Howard University School Of Law instead. There he studied under Charles Hamilton Houston , a Harvard Law School graduate and leading civil rights lawyer who at the time was the dean of Howard's law school. Houston took Marshall under his wing, and the two forged a friendship that would last for the remainder of Houston's life and forever change America. Howard University was the site where Marshall and his team of legal scholars from around the nation prepared to argue the landmark '' Brown V. Board Of Education '' case. Howard was the site of the organization of the first black Greek letter Organization among black colleges when it approved the charter of Alpha Phi Alpha 's second chapter in 1907. Howard was also the site for the founding of the ''Alpha'' (first) chapter of Alpha Kappa Alpha , Delta Sigma Theta , Omega Psi Phi , Phi Beta Sigma and Zeta Phi Beta . Major improvements, additions, and changes occurred at the school in the aftermath of World War I . New buildings were built under the direction of architect Albert Cassell . In 1918 , all the secondary schools of the university were abolished and the whole plan of undergraduate work changed. The four-year college course was divided into two periods of two years each, the Junior College, and the Senior Schools. The semester system was abolished in 1919 and the quarter system substituted. Twenty-three new members were added to the faculty between the reorganization of 1918 and 1923 . A dining hall building with class rooms for the department of home economics was built in 1921 at a cost of $301,000. A Greenhouse was erected in 1919 . Howard Hall was renovated and made a dormitory for girls; many improvements were made on campus; J. Stanley Durkee, became president in 1918 . In 1965 , President Lyndon B. Johnson delivered a speech to the graduating class at Howard, where he outlined his plans for civil rights legislation. In 1989, Howard gained national attention when students rose up in protest against the appointment of then- Republican National Committee Chairman Lee Atwater as a new member of the university's Board of Trustees. Student activists disrupted Howard's 122nd anniversary celebrations, and eventually occupied the university's Administration building. Within days, both Atwater and Howard's President, James E. Cheek, resigned. The Board of Trustees accepted many of the students' other demands, including promised improvements to campus housing and academic credit for community work .[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1264/is_n4_v20/ai_7754349 In 2007, media mogul Oprah Winfrey was conferred the honorary doctorate of Humanities at the university's 139th commencement. She gave a highly publicized oration before a crowd of over 27,000 people, one of the most heavily attended in academic history. SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES
RESEARCH CENTERS Moorland-Spingarn Research Center See Also: Moorland-Spingarn Research Center The Moorland-Spingarn Research Center (MSRC) is recognized as one of the world's largest and most comprehensive repositories for the documentation of the history and culture of people of African descent in Africa , the Americas , and other parts of the world. As one of the university's major research facilities, the MSRC collects, preserves, and makes available for research a wide range of resources chronicling the Black experience. PRESIDENTS OF HOWARD UNIVERSITY ALUMNI Howard University has conferred over 99,318 degrees and certificates in its 140-year history. Noteworthy alumni include a Nobel Laureate , educators, politicians, United States Ambassadors , writers, prominent international figures, and corporate executives. See Also: List of Howard University people GREEK ORGANIZATIONS ORIGINATED AT HOWARD UNIVERSITY
Howard University also is host to many chapters of non-NPHC Greek organizations, including Phi Mu Alpha , Sigma Alpha Iota , Delta Sigma Pi , Phi Sigma Pi , Alpha Phi Omega , Pi Kappa Alpha , Gamma Sigma Sigma , Kappa Kappa Psi , and Tau Beta Sigma . TRIVIA
SEE ALSO EXTERNAL LINKS
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