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During the , especially in Mining and Sugar Cane production. Brazil obtained 37% of all African Slave s traded, and more than 3 million slaves were sent to this one country to work mainly on sugar cane Plantation s. Starting around 1550 , the Portuguese began to trade African slaves due to two main reasons:
Although Portuguese Prime Minister Marquês De Pombal abolished slavery in mainland Portugal on the February 12th , 1761 , slavery continued in the overseas colonies. The African slaves were useful for the sugar plantations in many ways. They were less vulnerable to Tropical diseases and to tropical Environment . The benefits of the slaves far exceeded the costs. After 2-3 years, slaves worked off their worth, and plantation owners began to make profits from them. Plantation owners made lucrative profits even though there was approximately a 10% death rate per year, mainly due to harsh working conditions. The very harsh manual labour of the sugar cane fields saw slaves use hoes to dig large trenches. They planted sugar cane in the trenches and then used their bare hands to spread manure. The average Life Span of a slave was eight years. Quilombo Escaped slaves formed , Puerto Rico , Cuba , and Jamaica . In Brazil the ''Maroon villages'' were called '' Quilombo s'' and the most famous was '' Quilombo Dos Palmares ''. In the mid to late 19th Century , many Amerindian s were enslaved to work on Rubber plantations. Jean-Baptiste Debret Jean-Baptiste Debret , a French painter who was active in Brazil in the first decades of the 19th Century, started out with painting portraits of members of the Brazilian Imperial family, but soon became concerned with the slavery of both blacks and indigenous inhabitants. His paintings on the subject (two appear on this page) helped arouse attention to the subject in both Europe and Brazil itself. Brasil, the world's largest sugar producer family captured by slave hunters. By Jean Baptiste Debret ]] The '' Clapham Sect '', although their religious and political influence was more active in the Spanish Latin America, were a group of Evangelical reformers that campaigned during much of the 19th century for the United Kingdom to use its influence and power to stop the traffic of slaves to Brazil. Besides moral qualms, the low cost of slave-produced Brazilian sugar meant that British colonies in the West Indies were unable to match the market prices of Brazilian sugar, and each Briton was consuming 16 pounds (7 kg) of sugar a year by the 19th century. This combination led to intensive pressure from the British government for Brazil to end this practice, which it did by steps over three decades. Until our days, Brasil still is the world's largest sugar producer ''Struggling over sugar'', St. Petersburg Times . Steps towards freedom First, foreign slave trade was banned in 1850 . Then, by 1871 , the sons of the slaves were freed. In 1885 , the slaves aged over 60 years were freed. The Paraguayan War contributed to end slavery, since slaves enlisted in exchange for freedom. Brazil's 1877-78 Grande Seca (Great Drought) in the cotton-growing northeast, led to major turmoil, starvation, poverty and internal migration. As wealthy plantation holders rushed to sell their slaves south, popular resistance and resentment grew, inspiring numerous emancipation societies. They succeeded in banning slavery altogether in the province of Ceara by 1884 . (Mike Davis, ''Late Victorian Holocausts'', 88-90) Princess Isabel Slavery legally ended nationwide on May 13 by the '' Lei Aurea '' ("Golden Law") of 1888 , by a legal act of Isabel, Princess Imperial Of Brazil . In fact, it was an institution in decadence at these times (Since the 1880s the country began to work with European imigrant labor instead). Brazil was the last nation in the Western Hemisphere to abolish slavery. Human rights abuse However, in - 09-05 .. More than 1,000 slave laborers were freed from a sugar cane plantation in 2007 by the Brazilian government, making it the largest anti-slavery raid in modern times in Brazil. "'Slave' labourers freed in Brazil", ''BBC News'' . REFERENCES SEE ALSO |
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