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The Past



The Magic Lantern (1671)


The Magic Lantern was classed as the ancestor of the modern day projector. It consisted of a translucent oil painting and a simple lamp. When put together in a darkened room, the image would appear larger on a flat surface. Athanasius Kircher spoke about this originating from China in the 1600’s.


Thaumatrope (1824)


A Thaumatrope was a toy used in the Victorian era. It was a disk or card with a picture on each side is attached to two pieces of string. When the strings were twirled quickly between the fingers the two pictures appear to combine into a single image. The creator of this small but yet important invention is clouded. People believe that John Aryton Paris was the creator whereas others believe Charles Babbage was.


Zoetrope (1832)


A Zoetrope is a device which creates the image of moving pictures. This contraption was produced in 1834 by George Horner. The device is basically a cylinder with vertical slits around the sides. Around the inside edge of the cylinder there are a series of pictures on the opposite side to the slits. As the cylinder is spun, the user then looks through the slits producing the illusion of motion.


Praxinoscope (1877)


The Praxinoscope, invented by French scientist Charles-Émile Reynaud , was a more sophisticated version of the zoetrope. It used the same basic mechanism of a strip of images placed on the inside of a spinning cylinder, but instead of viewing it through slits, it was viewed in a series of stationary mirrors around the inside of the cylinder, so that the animation would stay in place, and also provided a clearer image. Reynaud also developed a larger version of the praxinoscope that could be projected onto a screen, called the Théâtre Optique .


Flip Book (1868)


The first flip book was patented in 1868 by a John Barnes Linnet. This was another step closer to the development of animation. Like the Zoetrope, the Flip Book creates the illusion of motion. A set of sequential pictures seen at a high speed creates this effect.


The Present



Stop Motion


Stop Motion is used for many animation productions using physical objects rather than images, as with traditional animation. An object will be photographed, moved slightly, and then photographed again. When the pictures are played back in normal speed the object will appear to move by itself. This process is used for many productions, for example, clay animations such as '' Chicken Run '' and '' Wallace And Gromit '', as well as animated movies which use poseable figures, such as '' The Nightmare Before Christmas '' and '' James And The Giant Peach ''. Sometimes even objects are used, such as with the films of '' Jan Svankmajer ''.

Stop motion animation was also commonly used for special effects work in many live-action films, such as The 1933 Version Of ''King Kong'' and '' The 7th Voyage Of Sinbad ''.


CGI Animation


Computer-generated imagery changed animated films forever. The first fully computer generated feature film created was '' Toy Story '', produced by Pixar Animation Studios in 1995. ''Toy Story'' proved that companies were slowly making the transition from traditional animation to CGI animation. The process of CGI animation is still very tedious and similar in that sense to traditional animation, and it still adheres to many of the same principles.


The Future



Animated Humans


Most CGI created films are based on '', in 2001. However, due to the complexity of the human body functions, emotions and interactions, this method of animation is rarely used.


THE EARLIEST FORM OF ANIMATION

The first examples of trying to capture Motion into a drawing can already be found in Paleolithic Cave Painting s, where animals are depicted with multiple legs in superimposed positions, clearly attempting to depict a sense of motion. It is believed that the shadows caused by the flickering firelight in the caves may have created a simple animation effect. {Link without Title}

An earthen Goblet discovered in Burnt City in the Balochistan Region of Ancient Persia depicts what archeologists consider to be the first animation. First Animation of the World Found In Burnt City, Iran , Persian Journal, 2004.

Shadow Puppet ry was also an early form of animation, such as the Indonesia n animated shadow puppet called Wayang around 900 AD.

In the 17th to 19th centuries, simple animation devices were invented long before film projectors: the Thaumatrope , Phenakistoscope , Praxinoscope , Zoetrope , Stroboscope , Magic Lantern and Mutoscope . These were more complex versions of the Flip Book , often using drawings, paintings, photos, or slides on rotating card/s or cylinder. These "optical toys" tricked the eye into believing that the images were moving. The light source was often an oil lamp, light bulb, or none (natural light).


FILM ANIMATION

The history of film animation began in the 1890s with the earliest days of silent films and continues through the present day. The first animated '''film''' was created by Charles-Émile Reynaud, inventor of the praxinoscope, an animation system using loops of 12 pictures. On October 28 , 1892 at Musée Grévin in Paris , France he exhibited animations consisting of loops of about 500 frames, using his Théâtre Optique system - similar in principle to a modern Film projector.

The first animated work on standard picture film was '' Humorous Phases Of Funny Faces '' ( 1906 ) by J. Stuart Blackton . It features a cartoonist drawing faces on a chalkboard, and the faces apparently coming to life.

'' Fantasmagorie '', by the French director Émile Cohl (also called ''Émile Courtet''), is also noteworthy. It was screened for the first time on August 17 , 1908 at Théâtre Du Gymnase in Paris . Émile Courtet later went to Fort Lee, New Jersey near New York City in 1912 , where he worked for French studio Éclair and spread its technique in the US.

The first Puppet-animated film was ''The Beautiful Lukanida'' ( 1912 ) by the Russian-born (ethnically Polish) director Wladyslaw Starewicz ( Ladislas Starevich ).

The first Animated Feature Film was '' El Apóstol '', made in 1917 by Quirino Cristiani from Argentina . He also directed two other animated feature films, including 1931 's '' Peludopolis '', the first to use synchronized sound. None of these, however, survive to the present day. The earliest-surviving animated feature, which used colour-tinted scenes, is the silhouette-animated '' Adventures Of Prince Achmed '' ( 1926 ) directed by German Lotte Reiniger and French/ Hungarian Berthold Bartosch . Walt Disney 's '' Snow White And The Seven Dwarfs '' ( 1937 ), often considered to be the first animated feature when in fact at least eight were previously released, was the nevertheless first to use Technicolor and the first to become successful within the English-speaking World .


EUROPE

  • Animation before film in 20th century.



History Of Czech Animation



History Of Estonian Animation



History Of French Animation




History Of Italian Animation

  • The 1970 Italian animated cartoon art and industry ( La Linea (cartoon) , Caliméro ...)

  • The 1977 animated Italian classic, ''Allegro Non Tropo'', is both a parody of and homage to Disney's ''Fantasia''. This is director Bruno Bozzetto's most ambitious work and his only feature-length animation, although he also directed several notable shorter works including ''West and Soda'', an animated spaghetti western. {Link without Title}



History Of Russian Animation

  • 1910-1913 Ladislas Starevich creates puppet animations

  • 1935 First animated feature film in USSR, '' The New Gulliver ''

  • 1935 Soyuzmultfilm Studio is created, will go on to fund many thousands of short animated films, mostly for kids

  • late 1930s to 1950s - enforced Socialist Realism in cartoons (with a few exceptions).

  • 1953 Puppet animation division re-founded at Soyuzmultfilm (it was closed shortly after ''The New Gulliver'' was released)

  • 1962 Fyodor Khitruk 's short film ''History of a Crime'' introduces new aesthetic to Soviet animation

  • 1969 First episode of popular series '' Nu, Pogodi! ''

  • 1972 First Cheburashka short is made

  • 1979 Yuriy Norshteyn releases ''Tale of Tales'', since then voted twice by a large panel of international critics as the best animated film ever made.

  • 1989 Studio Pilot , the first private animation studio in the USSR, is founded

  • 1990s government subsidies shrink dramatically, while the number of studios grows. Soyuzmultfilm is beset by corruption and banditism, slowly loses its dominant place among Russian studios.

  • 2000s some high-profile animated features are made. Government diverts some funds to animation again. Nevertheless, many studios experience budget shortfalls and have difficulties finishing their ambitious projects.



History Of Animation In Croatia (in Former Yugoslavia)



NORTH AND SOUTH AMERICA


History Of Argentinian Animation



History Of Canadian Animation

  • Early Work

  • Contributions of the National Film Board Of Canada 's animation department

  • Early commercial productions

  • ---Contributions of Canadian voice actor recordings

  • The 1980s- rise of the major indigenous industry



History Of Cuban Animation



History of United States animation


  • Beginning of industrial production of animated cartoon.


Because the history of Hollywood animation as an art form has undergone many changes in its hundred-year history, Wikipedia presents four separate chapters in the development of its animation:

: Animation In The United States During The Silent Era ( 1900s through 1920s )



  • Max and Dave Fleischer formed their own studio Fleischer Studios, and created the ''Koko the Clown'', ''Out of the Inkwell'', and '' Sound Car-Tunes '' series.


: The Golden Age Of Hollywood Animation ( 1930s and 1940s )


: Animation In The United States In The Television Era ( 1950s through 1980s )


: Modern Animation Of The United States ( 1980s through present)



ASIA


History Of Iranian Animation

The oldest records of animation in Persia ( Iran ) dates back to 5000 years ago. An animated piece on an earthen goblet that belongs to 5000 years ago was found in Burnt City in Sistan And Baluchestan Province , southeastern Iran. On this ancient piece that can be called the first animation of the world, the artist has portrayed a goat that jumps toward a tree and eats its leaves.

The art of animation as practiced in modern day began in Iran in the 1950s. Iran's animation owes largely to the animator Noureddin Zarrinkelk . Zarrinkelk was instrumental in founding the Institute for Intellectual Development of Children and Young Adults (IIDCYA) in Tehran in collaboration with the late father of Iranian graphics Morteza Momayyez and other fellow artists like Farshid Mesqali, Ali Akbar Sadeghi , and Arapik Baghdasarian. {Link without Title}


History Of Chinese Animation



History Of Japanese Animation (Anime)

  • The first Japanese Animation

  • Found recently in Kyoto, the film depicts a boy wearing a sailor uniform performing a salute. The film dates back to around the year 1900 and is on 35mm Celluloid, composed of 50 frames put together with paste




History Of Korean Animation



SEE ALSO



MEDIA


  Filename Humorous Phases of Funny Facesogg
  Title Humorous Phases of Funny Faces
  Description The 1906 cartoon Humorous Phases Of Funny Faces by J Stuart Blackton , regarded to be the first animated film (149 MB , Ogg / Theora format)



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