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OUTLINE Early history Many large empires, civilizations and cultures have existed on the Asian continent. Many ancient civilizations were influenced by the Silk Road , which connected China, India, the Middle East and Europe. The religions of Hinduism and Buddhism , which began in India, were an important influence on South and East Asia. Debated during the Warring States Period and forbidden during the short-lived Qin Dynasty , Confucianism was chosen by Emperor Wu Of Han for use as a Political System to govern the Chinese state. Despite its loss of influence during the Tang Dynasty , Confucianist doctrine remained a mainstream Chinese orthodoxy for two millennia until the 20th century, when it was attacked by radical Chinese thinkers as a vanguard of a pre-modern system and an obstacle to China's Modernization , eventually culminating in its repression during the Cultural Revolution in the People's Republic Of China . After the end of the Cultural Revolution, Confucianism has been revived in Mainland China , and both interest in and debate about Confucianism have surged. The Culture s most strongly influenced by Confucianism include those of China (including Hong Kong , Taiwan , and Macau ), Japan , Korea , and Vietnam as well as various territories (including Singapore ) settled predominantly by Chinese People . Introduction of the Stirrup The first dependable representation of a rider with paired stirrups was found in to conquer a large part of Asia in the 13th Century , an area extending from China to Europe. A government system supported by a large class of Confucian Literati selected through civil service examinations was perfected under Tang rule. This competitive procedure was designed to draw the best talents into government. But perhaps an even greater consideration for the Tang rulers, aware that imperial dependence on powerful aristocratic families and warlords would have destabilizing consequences, was to create a body of career officials having no autonomous territorial or functional power base. As it turned out, these scholar-officials acquired status in their local communities, family ties, and shared values that connected them to the imperial court. From Tang times until the closing days of the Qing Dynasty in 1911, scholar officials functioned often as intermediaries between the grassroots level and the government. This model of government had an influence on Korea and Japan . , 11th century paper-printed Money from the Song Dynasty .]] The first known Movable Type System was invented in China around 1040 AD by Pi Sheng ( 990 - 1051 ) (spelled Bi Sheng in the Pinyin system).Needham, Volume 5, Part 1, 201. Pi Sheng's type was made of baked clay. As described by the Chinese scholar Shen Kuo (1031–1095): Modern Era During the Cold War , the northern parts of Asia were Communist controlled with the Soviet Union and People's Republic Of China , while western allies formed pacts such as CENTO and SEATO . Conflicts such as the Korean War , Vietnam War and Soviet Invasion Of Afghanistan were fought between communists and anti-communists. MILITARY HISTORY OF EAST ASIA
SEE ALSO Histories for East Asia are listed by area in alphabetical order:
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