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Gula Iro Language
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  • ''páṭóól'', the northernmost and the least comprehensible to speakers of the other dialects, spoken in and around Badi ;

  • ''pòŋààl'', by the north shore of the lake, spoken in and around Boum Kabir , Boum Sarher , and Tordjigel ;

  • ''tɩ́ààlà'', spoken east and south of the lake, including Kouré , Bouni , Tormorhal , and Masidjanga ;

  • ''tííṭààl'', the easternmost, spoken in various villages west of Tamba ;


to which SIL adds a fifth, Korintal, spoken in Tieou .

Gula Iro is very closely related to Zan Gula and Bon Gula , but they are not mutually comprehensible. As a Bua language, it belongs to the Adamawa subgroup of the Adamawa-Ubangi branch of Niger-Congo .


SOUNDS


The consonants are:

The vowels are: a, e, i, o, u, ɛ, ɩ, ɔ, ʋ. Nasalization (only on a, e, o) and length are both contrastive, and diphthongs can be formed. Tone is phonemic; each vowel must carry high or low tone.


GRAMMAR


Typical word order is Subject Verb Object . The basic subject pronouns are: ''ñó'' I, ''mó'' you (sg.), ''á'' he/she/it, ''pʋ́'' we (exclusive), ''én'' we (inclusive), ''í'' you (pl.), ''ʋ́'' they.


BIBLIOGRAPHY


  • P. Boyeldieu. "La formation du pluriel nominal en kulaal (Tchad): essai de systématisation des documents publiés par C. Pairault". ''Afrika und Übersee'', 1986, n° 69, vol. 2, p. 209-249.

  • C. Pairault, ''Documents du parler d'iro: kùláál du Tchad''. Langues et Littérature de l'Afrique Noire V. Klincksieck: Paris 1969.



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