(PAR), known as Guilford Rail System (GRS) before
March 2006 , is a
Class 2 Railroad covering northern
New England from
Mattawamkeag, Maine to
Rotterdam Junction, New York . The primary subsidiaries of PAR are the
Maine Central Railroad (MEC), the
Boston And Maine Railroad (BM), and
Springfield Terminal Railway (ST). PAR is a subsidiary of
Pan Am Systems , formerly known as Guilford Transportation Industries (GTI). GTI bought the name, colors and logo of the
Pan Am airline in
1998 .
GTI developed as a child of railroad
Deregulation in the
United States . The passage of the ''
Staggers Rail Act '' allowed GTI to execute a business plan unlike those of earlier railroads in
New England . It revolved around the idea of buying up as many local railroads as possible, to create full
"horizontal Integration" over New England and the northern Mid-Atlantic states, gaining efficiencies of scale.
GTI started by purchasing the MEC in
1981 from
U.S. Filter Corporation . This was followed by its
1983 purchase of the BM and in
1984 , it purchased the
Delaware And Hudson Railroad (DH). Its network sprawled from the border between
Maine and
New Brunswick to
Boston , and west to
Albany , north to
Montreal , and south (via
Trackage Rights ) to
New York ,
Philadelphia , and
Washington .
Following the purchases of MEC, BM and DH, GTI began several major changes to the operations of these railroads and their workforces. One of the first changes took place with new management, followed by consolidation of
Locomotive repair work at the MEC shops at
Waterville, Maine , resulting in repainting of locomotives from the predecessor companies into GTI corporate colors.
In the mid-1980s, GTI began to eliminate marginal low-density routes, particularly in Maine. Fully one-third of MEC trackage was eliminated, including the "Mountain Division" from
Portland, Maine to
St. Johnsbury, Vermont ; the "Rockland Branch" from
Brunswick, Maine to
Rockland, Maine ; the "Calais Branch" from
Bangor, Maine to
Calais, Maine ; and the "Lower Road" from
Augusta, Maine to
Brunswick, Maine .
When the Calais Branch was cut, service was kept on a now-orphaned section of trackage running between Calais and a
Pulp Mill in nearby
Woodland, Maine ; these tracks ran for several miles through
New Brunswick ,
Canada and their only remaining connection to the North American rail network was with
Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) at
St. Stephen, New Brunswick . Following the Calais Branch abandonment, CPR agreed to haul MEC traffic from the interchange at Calais to an interchange with MEC at
Mattawamkeag, Maine . To avoid costly labor union agreements, which would make the Calais-Woodland service uneconomic, GTI leased the operation of this route to its tiny Springfield Terminal subsidiary, which had much more advantageous labor agreements.
Springfield Terminal Railway was a 6-mile shortline connection from
Springfield, Vermont to
Charlestown, New Hampshire that was owned by the
B&M . It had once been an
Interurban , and following typical interurban and shortline practice, it had a union agreement that allowed fewer crew members per train and operation without cabooses. By the time Guilford took over, the operation had been cut back to a stub of a few hundred yards serving one customer and operating infrequently. The tracks have since been removed and the route is now a
Rails To Trails Bike/walking Path .
#332 Pulls out of
Deerfield, Massachusetts .
2005 ]]
More branch lines were subsequently leased to
ST , and eventually all of the
B&M and
MEC were operated by ST. This saved GTI money, but angered labor. In
1986 , GTI endured a lengthy and extremely bitter strike by its workforce, which required the intervention of President
Ronald Reagan 's administration. In
1988 , GTI declared the D&H "bankrupt" and the employees of the railroad took it over, with Susquehanna managing it. The employees then sold out in
1991 to the
Canadian Pacific Railway .
In the years that followed, GTI forced many management and salary changes, resulting in other strikes over wages and work rules.
A great many rail customers stopped using rail at the time of the strike, especially companies more dependent on reliable, consistent service. Many current customers allege that PAR service is very poor. It should be noted that the rail industry in general does not have a very good reputation for service, but PAR's reputation appears to be worse. In addition, customers have alleged that PAR has retaliated against them after they have complained. The company has maintained that it has a good working relationship with its customers and that there are no major problems.
The paper industry provides the largest source of business, both inbound chemicals, clay and pulp (although PAR has lost a lot of that business to truck) and outbound paper. Rail has a slightly more than 50% market share for outbound paper shipments from Maine, most of which must use PAR (truck and boat carry the balance). By comparison, rail has a better than 80% market share from mills in Wisconsin (primarily served by the
Wisconsin Central Railroad ).
In recent years, PAR rail traffic has trended up somewhat, following national rail industry trends. PAR posted $150M in sales during 2005.
The main line runs from
Mattawamkeag, Maine to
Mechanicville, New York via the lines of the following former companies:
