Information AboutGridlock |
| CATEGORIES ABOUT GRIDLOCK | |
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Gridlock is a term describing an inability to move on a Transport Network . The term originates from a situation possible in a grid network where intersections are blocked, prohibiting vehicles from moving through the intersection or backing up to an upstream intersection. The term ''gridlock'' is also widely used to describe high Traffic Congestion with minimal flow (a " Traffic Jam "), whether or not a blocked grid system is involved. By extension, the term has been applied to situations in other fields where flow is stalled by excess demand, or in which competing interests prevent progress. CAUSE The traditional form of gridlock is caused by Traffic heading in one direction blocking cross traffic at an intersection. In many jurisdictions, drivers are prohibited from entering an intersection if they cannot clear it before the Traffic Light turns red. If drivers follow this Rule Of The Road , gridlock will be prevented and traffic will only be slow in the direction that is actually congested. One method of reducing gridlock is to aggressively enforce penalties for vehicles which block intersections.Stringer, Scott M. '' Thinking outside the box: an analysis of Manhattan gridlock and spillback enforcement '', Office of Manhattan Borough President, July 2006. Gridlock is sometimes cited as an example of the 2007 . Mutual cooperation among drivers would give the maximum benefit (prevention of gridlock), but this may not happen because of the desire to maximize one's own benefit (shortest travel time) given the uncertainty about the other drivers' commitment to cooperation. ENFORCEMENT New York City In New York City , drivers who “block the box” are subject to a moving violation that comes with a US$90.00 penalty. Mayor Michael Bloomberg , noting that the ten minute ticketing process actually contributes to overall Traffic Congestion , has recently asked the New York State Legislature to remove “blocking the box” from the moving violation category. This reclassification would give more traffic agents authority to write tickets and change the current ticketing procedure, which requires that the issuing officer physically stop the violating car in traffic. ny.metro.us/metro/local/article/Bloomberg_crackdown_on_gridlock_/8745.html EFFECTS Besides the obvious impacts of driver frustration and trip delay, gridlock is responsible for considerable additions to Air Pollutant generation, since vehicles emit much more Carbon Monoxide and Hydrocarbon s when idling or traveling at low speeds. The principal exceptions to this effect are hybrid or electric vehicles. These impacts are exacerbated by the presence of urban street canyons, which effectively trap air pollution and increase air pollution exposures of motorists as well as the general urban population. Noise pollution can be aggravated by excessive starting and stopping noise of gridlocked facilities..[http://www.worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/top3mset/2930880 C. Michael Hogan and Gary L. Latshaw,''The relationship between highway planning and urban noise '', :Proceedings of the ASCE, Urban Transportation Division specialty conference, May 21-23, 1973, Chicago, Illinois. by American Society of Civil Engineers. Urban Transportation Division ETYMOLOGY The first appearances of the word ''gridlock'' in newspapers occurred in 1980, during a transit strike in 2007 . SEE ALSO
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