| Gilbert Simondon |
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CAREER Born in , and phenomenologist Maurice Merleau-Ponty . He studied at the Ecole Normale Supérieure and the Sorbonne . His major works are ''Du mode d'existence des objets techniques'' and ''L'individuation psychique et collective'', which was also his thesis. INDIVIDUATION AND TECHNOLOGY In ''L'individuation psychique et collective'', Simondon developed a theory of individual and collective Individuation , in which the individual Subject is considered as an effect of individuation, rather than a cause. Thus the individual atom is replaced by the neverending Ontological process of individuation. Simondon also conceived of "pre-individual fields" as the funds making individuation itself possible. Individuation is an always incomplete process, always leaving a "pre-individual" left-over, itself making possible future individuations. Furthermore, individuation always creates both an individual and a collective subject, which individuate themselves together. Gilbert Simondon criticized " of machines. INFLUENCE Simondon's theory of Individuation through Transduction in a Metastable environment was an important influence on the thought of Gilles Deleuze . Bernard Stiegler has also made extensive use of Simondon's account of psychic and collective Individuation , while nevertheless maintaining a critique of Simondon's account of technology. REFERENCES Primary literature
Published 2005–2006
English translations
Secondary literature
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