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Georgian architecture is the name given in English -speaking countries to the Architectural Style s current between 1720 and 1840, named after the four British Monarchs named George .They ruled from August 1714 to June 1830. It succeeded the English Baroque of Sir Christopher Wren , Sir John Vanbrugh and Nicholas Hawksmoor . Among the first architects to promote the change in direction from baroque were Colen Campbell and the engravings in '' Vitruvius Britannicus '', Lord Burlington and his protegé William Kent , Thomas Archer and the Venetian Giacomo Leoni , who passed his career in England. The styles that resulted fall within several categories. In the mainstream of Georgian style were both , Georgian Dublin . DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS Georgian architecture is characterized by its proportion and balance; simple mathematical ratios were used to determine the height of a window in relation to its width or the shape of a room as a double cube. "Regular" was a term of approval, implying symmetry and adherence to classical rules: the lack of symmetry, where Georgian additions were added to earlier structures, was deeply felt as a flaw. Regularity of housefronts along a street was a desirable feature of Georgian town planning. Georgian designs usually lay within the Classical Orders Of Architecture and employed a decorative vocabulary derived from ancient Rome or Greece. , Bath , showing the contrast between the architectural style of the public front and the private rear of this famous terrace]] Georgian style was equally suited to brick and stone, usually defined by reddish brick walls that contrasted with white used for window trimming and cornices. The entrances were often emphasized by a portico., Norfolk .]] GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS Georgian houses mainly feature - roof to ground-level:
COLONIAL GEORGIAN ARCHITECTURE Georgian Architecture was widely disseminated in the English colonies of the time. In the American Colonies , Colonial Georgian blended with the neo-Palladian style to become known more broadly as ' Federal ' building styles. In the American colonies, Georgian buildings were also built of wood with clapboards; even columns were built of timber, framed up and turned on an oversized lathe. The College Of William And Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia , is an excellent example of Georgian architecture. Unlike the Baroque style that it replaced, a style which was generated almost solely in the context of palaces and churches, this style had wide currency in the upper and middle classes. Within the residential context, the best remaining example is the pristine Hammond-Harwood House (1774) in Annapolis, Maryland. This house was designed by colonial architect William Buckland and modeled on the Villa Pisani at Montagnana, Italy as depicted in Andrea Palladio's ''Four Books Of Architecture''. The establishment of Georgian architecture was to a large degree aided by the fact that unlike earlier styles, which were disseminated among craftsmen through the direct experience of the apprenticeship system, Georgian architecture was also disseminated to builders through the new medium of inexpensive suites of Engraving s. From the mid-18th century, Georgian styles were assimilated into an architectural vernacular that became part and parcel of the training of every carpenter, mason and plasterer, from Edinburgh to Maryland. POST-GEORGIAN DEVELOPMENTS After about 1840 Georgian conventions were slowly abandoned as a number of Revival Styles , including Gothic Revival , enlarged the design repertoire. In the United States this style declined in popularity after the revolution, due to its association with the colonial regime; but later in the early decades of the twentieth century when there was a growing nostalgia for its sense of order, the style was revived and came to be known as the Colonial Revival . In Canada the United Empire Loyalists embraced Georgian architecture as a sign of their fealty to Britain, and the Georgian style was dominant in the country for most of the first half of the 19th century. The Grange , for example, a manor built in Toronto , was built in 1817. SEE ALSO NOTES REFERENCES FURTHER READING
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