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State of Georgia
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Peach State, Empire State of the South
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Wisdom, Justice, and Moderation
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Atlanta
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Sonny Perdue (R)
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Saxby Chambliss (R)<br/> Johnny Isakson (R)
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US-GA
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( Georgia is also known as the ''Peach State'' and the ''Empire State of the South''. The largest city, and capital, is
Atlanta .
Georgia is bordered on the south by
Florida ; on the east by the
Atlantic Ocean and
South Carolina ; on the west by
Alabama and by
Florida in the extreme southwest; and on the north by
Tennessee and
North Carolina . The northern part of the state is in the
Blue Ridge Mountains , a
Mountain Range in the vast mountain system of the
Appalachians . The central
Piedmont extends from the
Foothills to the
Fall Line , where the
River s cascade down in elevation to the continental
Coastal Plain of the southern part of the state. The highest point in Georgia is
Brasstown Bald , 4,784
Feet (1,458 m); the lowest point is
Sea Level .
With an area of 59,441 square miles (153,951 km&
2), Georgia is ranked 24th in size among the 50
U.S. State s. Georgia is the largest state east of the
Mississippi River in terms of ''land area'', although it is the fourth largest (after
Michigan ,
Florida , and
Wisconsin ) in ''total area'', a term which includes expanses of water claimed as state territory.
States Ranked for Total Area, Land Area, and Water Area - NETSTATE.com , accessed December 26, 2006
Beginning from the Atlantic Ocean, the state's eastern border with South Carolina runs up the
Savannah River , northwest to its origin at the
Confluence of the
Tugaloo River and
Seneca River . It then continues up the Tugaloo (originally Tugalo) and into the
Chattooga River , its most significant
Tributary . These bounds were decided in the 1787
Treaty Of Beaufort , and tested in the
U.S. Supreme Court in the two ''Georgia v. South Carolina'' cases in 1922 and 1989.
The border then takes a sharp left turn around the tip of
Rabun County , at
Latitude 35°N, though from this point it diverges slightly south (possibly due to later re
Surveying with better
Accuracy ). This originally was the Georgia and
North Carolina border all the way back to the
Mississippi River , until Tennessee was divided from North Carolina, and
Alabama and
Mississippi (the
Yazoo Lands ) were taken from Georgia.
The state's western border then departs in another straight line south-southeastward, at a point southwest of
Chattanooga , to meet the westernmost point of the
Chattahoochee River near
West Point, Georgia . It continues down to the point where it ended at the
Flint River (the confluence of the two forming Florida's
Apalachicola River ), and goes almost due east and very slightly south, in a straight line to the origin of the
Saint Mary's River , which then forms the remainder of the boundary back to the ocean.
It should be noted that the water boundaries are still set to be the original
Thalweg of the rivers. Since then, several have been inundated by man made lakes, including the
Apalachicola/Chattahoochee/Flint point now under
Lake Seminole .'''
See Also: Geology of Georgia (U.S. state)
Georgia is divided into five geologic regions. These include the , the '''
Blue Ridge ''', the '''
Piedmont ''', the '''
Coastal Plain ''', and the '''
Appalachian Plateau '''. Each region has its own distinctive characteristics. For instance the Ridge and Valley, which lies in the northwest corner of the state, includes limestone, sandstone, shale and other sedimentary rocks, which have yielded construction-grade limestone, barite, ochre and small amounts of coal. The Blue Ridge Mountains of northeast Georgia are made up of
Metamorphic Rock as well as
Granite and
Diabase . The geology of the Piedmont includes schist, amphibolite, gneiss, migmatite, and granite while the primary resource of the Coastal Plain is
Kaolin .For an overview of Georgia's geology, see "
Geologic Regions of Georgia: Overview " in ''The New Georgia Encyclopedia''. Retrieved September 9, 2007.
Georgia has a diverse mix of flora and fauna. The State of Georgia has approximately 250 trees and 58 protected plants. Georgia's trees include red cedar, scaly-bark and white hickories, as well as many others. Yellow jasmine, flowering quince, and mountain laurel make up just a few of the flowering shrubs in the state.
Regarding fauna, white-tailed (Virginia) deer can be found in approximately 50 counties. The mockingbird and brown thrasher are just two of the 160 bird species that can be found in the state. The
Rattlesnake ,
Copperhead , and
Cottonmouth as well as
Salamanders ,
Frogs , and
Toads are among 79 species of reptile and 63 amphibians that make Georgia their home. The most popular freshwater game fish are
Trout ,
Bream ,
Bass , and
Catfish , all but the last of which are produced in state hatcheries for restocking. Dolphins, porpoises, shrimp, oysters, and blue crabs are found off the Georgia coast.
Georgia - Flora and fauna - city-data.com , accessed February 3, 2007
The majority of Georgia is primarily a , but also on how close it is to the
Atlantic Ocean or
Gulf Of Mexico and the altitude. This is especially true in the mountainous areas in the northern part of the state, which are further away from ocean waters and can be up to 4500 feet (1350 m) or higher above sea level.
The areas near the Florida/Georgia border, extending from the entire Georgia coastline west to the Florida panhandle, experiences the most subtropical weather, similar to that of Florida: hot, humid summers with frequent afternoon thunderstorms and mild, somewhat drier winters. These areas experience snow much less frequently than other parts of Georgia. The Georgia Piedmont area is somewhat cooler in winter than the coastal areas. The Southern areas of the Piedmont may receive snow every other year, while areas close to the foothills get snow several times a year. This part of Georgia is especially vulnerable to
Ice Storms . The mountains of Georgia have the coolest climate and most frequent snowfall in the state, although snowfall is less than any other part of the
Appalachian Mountains .
In spite of having moderate weather compared to many other states, Georgia has occasional extreme weather. The highest temperature ever recorded is 112 °F (44.4 °C)
Each state's high temperature record ''USA Today, last updated August 2006''., while the lowest ever recorded is -17 °F (-27.2 °C).
Each state's low temperature record ''USA Today, last updated August 2006'' Georgia is one of the leading states in incidents of tornadoes. The areas closest to the Florida border get the same small
F0 And F1 tornadoes associated with summer afternoon thunderstorms. However, it is very uncommon for tornadoes to become severe (over F3). As it is on the Atlantic coast, Georgia is also vulnerable to
Hurricane s, although the Georgia coastline only rarely experiences a direct hurricane strike. More common are hurricanes which strike the Florida panhandle, weaken over land, and bring strong
Tropical Storm winds and heavy rain to the Georgia interior, as well as hurricanes that come close to the Georgia coastline, brushing the coast on their
Recurvature on the way up to hit
Carolinas .
Georgia is home to 63 parks, 48 of which are state parks and 15 that are historic sites, and numerous state wildlife preserves, under the supervision of the and include the
Andersonville National Historic Site in
Andersonville ;
Appalachian National Scenic Trail ;
Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area near
Atlanta ;
Chickamauga And Chattanooga National Military Park at
Fort Oglethorpe ;
Cumberland Island National Seashore near
Saint Marys ;
Fort Frederica National Monument on
St. Simons Island ;
Fort Pulaski National Monument in
Savannah ;
Jimmy Carter National Historic Site near
Plains ;
Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park near
Kennesaw ;
Martin Luther King Jr National Historic Site in Atlanta;
Ocmulgee National Monument at
Macon ;
Trail Of Tears National Historic Trail .
National Park Service nps.gov , accessed May 13, 2007
See Also: History of Georgia (U.S. state)
The local
Moundbuilder culture, described by
Hernando De Soto in 1540, completely disappeared by 1560. Early on, in the course of European exploration of the area, a number of
Spanish explorers visited the
Inland region of Georgia.
The conflict between
Spain and
England over control of Georgia began in earnest in about 1670, when the English founded the
Carolina colony in present-day
South Carolina . Nearly a century earlier, the Spanish of
Spanish Florida had established the missionary provinces of
Guale and
Mocama on the coast and
Sea Islands of present-day Georgia. After decades of fighting, the Carolinians and allied Indians permanently destroyed the Spanish mission system during the invasions of 1702 and 1704. After 1704, Spanish control was limited to
St. Augustine and
Pensacola . The Florida peninsula was subjected to raids as far as the
Florida Keys . The coast of Georgia was occupied by now
British -allied Indians such as the
Yamasee until the
Yamasee War of 1715-1717, after which the region was depopulated, opening up the possibility of a new British colony. In 1724, it was first suggested the British colony there be called
Province Of Georgia in honor of King
George II .
British interest in establishing a colony below South Carolina came from varied sources.
Spanish Florida was a threat to South Carolina and a haven for runaway slaves. The
French in the 1720s established a
Fort near present-day
Montgomery, Alabama , also a threat to British interests in the region. Traders from
Charleston, South Carolina , had established
Trading Post s as far west as the
Ocmulgee River , near present-day
Macon, Georgia . The British trading network kept the
Creek Indians allied with them; the French move threatened to wrest these Indians' trade away from the British. These strategic interests made the British government interested in establishing a new colony that would reinforce the British influence in the border country that had been open to Spanish and French penetration.
Meanwhile, many members of the
British Parliament had become concerned about the plight of England's debtors. A parliamentary committee investigated and reported on conditions in Britain's debtor prisons. A group of
Philanthropist s organized themselves to establish a colony where the "worthy poor" of England could reestablish themselves as productive citizens. This goal was seen as both philanthropic, helping these distressed people, and patriotic, simultaneously relieving Britain of the burden of the imprisoned debtors and augmenting Britain's vital mercantile empire by planting new, industrious subjects to strengthen her trade. This goal went unfulfilled as Georgia was ultimately not settled by debtors or convicts.
In 1732, a group of these philanthropists were granted a royal charter as the Trustees of the Province of Georgia. They carefully selected the first group of colonists to send to the new colony. On
12 February 1733 , 113 settlers landed in the ''
HMS Anne '' at what was to become the city of
Savannah . This day is now known as
Georgia Day , which is not a
Public Holiday but is mainly observed in
School s and by some local
Civic Group s.
James Edward Oglethorpe , one of the trustees of the colony, traveled with the first group of colonists, laid out the design of the town of Savannah, and acted as governor of the colony, although technically under the trustees there was no "governor." Oglethorpe acted as the only trustee present in the colony. When he returned to Britain, a series of disputes ended his tenure governing the colony; Georgia was then led by a series of presidents named by the trustees. In 1752, after the government failed to renew subsidies that had helped support the colony, the Trustees turned over control to the
Crown . Georgia became a
Crown Colony , with a governor appointed by the British king.
Trustee Georgia, 1732-1752
Georgia was one of the
Thirteen Colonies that revolted against
British rule in the
American Revolution by signing the 1776
Declaration Of Independence , despite a large population of people loyal to the crown. Following the war, it became the fourth state of the
United States Of America after ratifying the
United States Constitution on
2 January 1788 . Georgia established its first state constitution in 1777. The state established new constitutions in 1788, 1799, 1861, 1865, 1868, 1877, 1945, 1976, and 1983, for a total of 10 — more constitutions than any other state, except for Louisiana, which has had 11.
See Also: Georgia (U.S. state) in the American Civil War
On
January 18 ,
1861 , Georgia joined the
Confederacy and became a major
Theater of the
American Civil War .
In December 1864, a large swath of the state from
Atlanta to
Savannah was destroyed during General
William Tecumseh Sherman 's
March To The Sea . This event served as the historical background for the 1936 novel ''
Gone With The Wind '' and the
1939 Film of the same name.
On
July 15 ,
1870 , following
Reconstruction , Georgia became the last former Confederate state to be readmitted to the
Union .
Georgia has had five official , which later alternated with
Augusta ; then for a decade at
Louisville (pronounced Lewis-ville), and from 1806 through the
American Civil War , at
Milledgeville . In 1868,
Atlanta became the fifth capital of the state. The
State's Legislature also met at other temporary sites, including
Macon , especially during the Civil War.
]]
]]
]]
Atlanta is located in north-central Georgia, atop a
Ridge southeast of the
Chattahoochee River . It has been Georgia's capital city since 1868.
The
Atlanta Metropolitan Area has a population of 5,138,223 (2006 census estimate), and the city is the central city of the Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Gainesville, Ga.-Ala. combined statistical area.
{Link without Title} Accessed May 15, 2007
The state of Georgia has twenty
Metropolitan and
Micropolitan areas with populations above fifty-thousand. In descending order, they are
Atlanta ,
Augusta ,
Savannah ,
Columbus ,
Macon ,
Athens ,
Gainesville ,
Albany ,
Dalton ,
Warner Robins ,
Valdosta ,
Brunswick ,
Rome ,
Hinesville ,
LaGrange ,
Statesboro ,
Dublin ,
Milledgeville ,
Waycross and
Calhoun and
Tifton .
{Link without Title} Accessed May 15, 2007
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from the previous year, and an increase of 1,177,125 since 2000. This includes a natural increase since the last census of 438,939 people (that is 849,414 births minus 410,475 deaths) and an increase from net migration of 606,673 people into the state. Immigration from outside the United States resulted in a net increase of 228,415 people, and migration within the country produced a net increase of 378,258 people.
As of 2006, Georgia is the 9th most populous state. Its population has grown 44.5% (2,885,725) since 1990, making it one of the fastest-growing states in the country. More than half of the state's population lives in the of Georgia is located in
Butts County , in the city of
Jackson Population Centers by State .
The state's five largest ancestries are reported as
African ,
American ,
English ,
German , and
Irish . As of 2000, 90.1% of Georgia residents age 5 and older speak only
English at home and 5.6% speak
Spanish .
French is the third most spoken language at 0.9%, followed by
German at 0.8% and
Vietnamese at 0.6%. As of 2004, 7.7% of its population was reported as under 5 years of age, 26.4% under 18, and 9.6% were 65 or older. Also as of 2004, females made up approximately 50.6% of the population and African-Americans made up approximately 29.6%.
Historically, about half of Georgia's population was composed of African-Americans who, prior to the
Civil War , were almost exclusively enslaved. The
Great Migration of blacks from the rural South to the industrial North from 1914-1970 reduced the population but has since grown. Today, African-Americans remain the most populous race in many rural counties in middle, east-central, southwestern, and low-country Georgia, as well as in the city of
Atlanta and its core southern suburbs.
Recent immigration from Asian nations have added to the population flare.
Laotian American s and
Thai American s are leading the increase of Asians, with Chinese, Vietnamese and Indians following close behind. As of 2004, approximately 2.6% of were
Asian American .
White Georgians, like other Southerners, usually describe their ancestry on the census questionnaire as "American", "United States", or simply "Southern". The colonial settlement of very large numbers of
Scots-Irish American s in the mountains and piedmont, and coastal settlement by
English American s, have strongly influenced the state's culture.
Early Mountain Life ,
Who are Americans
With the huge influx of new residents from
The North , the term "
Georgia Cracker " is sometimes used informally as a proud or jocular self-description by some white residents of Georgia to indicate that their family has lived there for many generations. However, the term "white cracker" is not always used self-referentially and remains a disparaging term to many in the region.
Project 21 press release
Like most other Southern states, Georgia is largely Protestant Christian. The religious affiliations of the people of Georgia are as follows:
Georgia shares its Protestant heritage with much of the Southeastern United States. However, the number of Roman Catholics is growing in the state because of the influx of Northeasterners resettling in the Atlanta metro area and also because of large
Hispanic immigration into the state.
Georgia's
Jewish community dates to the settlement of 42 mostly
Sephardic Portuguese Jews in
Savannah in 1733. Atlanta also has a large, old, and established Jewish community.
Georgia's 2005 total for 2005 put it 10th in the nation at $40,155. If Georgia were a stand-alone country, it would be the 18th largest economy in the world.
Georgia's
Agricultural outputs are
Poultry and
Eggs ,
Pecans ,
Peach es,
Peanut s,
Rye ,
Cattle ,
Hog s,
Dairy Product s,
Turfgrass , and
Vegetable s. Its industrial outputs are
Textile s and
Apparel ,
Transport ation equipment, food processing,
Paper products,
Chemical products,
Electric equipment.
Tourism also makes an important contribution to the economy. Georgia is home to the Granite Capital of the World (
Elberton ).
Atlanta has been the site of enormous growth in real estate, service, and communications industries.
Atlanta has a very large effect on the state of Georgia and the Southeastern United States. The city is an ever growing addition to communications, industry, transportation, tourism, and government.
Industry in Georgia is now quite diverse. Major products in the mineral and timber industry include a variety of pines, clays, stones, and sands. Textile industry is located around the cities of Rome, Columbus, Augusta, and Macon. Atlanta is a leading center of tourism, transportation, communications, government, and industry. Some industries there include automobile and aircraft manufacturing, food and chemical processing, printing, publishing, and large corporations. Some of the corporations headquartered in Atlanta are: ,
Home Depot ,
Newell Rubbermaid ,
Primerica Financial Services ,
United Parcel Service and
Zaxby's .
Several United States military installations are located in Georgia including
Fort Stewart ,
Hunter Army Airfield ,
Naval Submarine Base Kings Bay ,
Fort Benning ,
Moody Air Force Base ,
Robins Air Force Base ,
Naval Air Station Atlanta ,
Fort McPherson ,
Fort Gillem ,
Fort Gordon ,
Marine Corps Logistics Base Albany and
Dobbins Air Reserve Base . However, due to the latest round of
BRAC cuts, Forts Gillem and McPherson will be closing and NAS Atlanta will be transferred to the
Georgia National Guard .
Georgia's personal
Income Tax ranges from 1% to 6% within six
Tax Bracket s. There is a 4% state
Sales Tax , which is not applied to
Prescription Drug s, certain medical devices, and
Groceries . Each county may add up to a 2%
SPLOST . Counties participating in
MARTA have another 1%; MARTA is the only major metropolitan
Rapid Transit authority in the U.S. not to receive state funding. The city of Atlanta (in two counties, roughly 90% in Fulton and 10% in Dekalb) has the only city sales tax (1%, total 8%) for fixing its aging
Sewer s. Local taxes are almost always charged on groceries but never prescriptions. Up to 1% of a SPLOST can go to
Homestead Exemption s (the HOST). All taxes are collected by the
Georgia Department Of Revenue and then properly distributed according to any agreements that each county has with its cities.
Georgians can find medical and dental care "via 151 general hospitals, more than 15,000 doctors and nearly 6,000 dentists."
Georgia.org , Accessed May 16, 2007 The state is ranked forty-first in the percentage of residents who engage in regular exercise.
Statemaster.com , Accessed May 16, 2007
's
Tech Tower ]]
See Also: List of colleges and universities in Georgia (U.S. state)
List of high schools in Georgia
List of school districts in Georgia
Atlanta is still a major
Railroad Hub for
CSX and
Norfolk Southern , in addition to being a major
Airport hub now as well; Atlanta's
Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport is the principal hub for
AirTran Airways and
Delta Air Lines . Several
Highway s and
Short Line railroads also traverse the state.
Building in
Atlanta with the distinctive
Gold Dome .]]
The capital of Georgia is Atlanta. As with all other
U.S. States and the federal government, Georgia's government is based on the
Separation Of Legislative, Executive And Judicial Power . Executive authority in the state rests with the
Governor , currently
Sonny Perdue (until 2011) (
Republican ). Perdue is the first Republican governor since Reconstruction. (See
List Of Governors Of Georgia ). Both the
Governor and
Lieutenant Governor are elected on separate ballots to four-year terms of office. Unlike the federal government, but like many other U.S. States, most of the executive officials who comprise the governor's cabinet are elected by the citizens of Georgia rather than appointed by the governor.
Legislative authority resides in the General Assembly, composed of the
Senate and
House Of Representatives . The
Lieutenant Governor presides over the Senate, while the House of Representatives selects their own Speaker. The
Georgia Constitution mandates a maximum of 56 senators, elected from single-member districts, and a minimum of 180 representatives, apportioned among representative districts (which sometimes results in more than one representative per district); there are currently 56 senators and 180 representatives. The term of office for senators and representatives is two years.
State judicial authority rests with the state Supreme Court and Court of Appeals, which have statewide authority. In addition, there are smaller courts which have more limited geographical jurisdiction, including State Courts, Superior Courts, Magistrate Courts and Probate Courts. Justices of the Supreme Court and judges of the Court of Appeals are elected statewide by the citizens in non-partisan elections to six-year terms. Judges for the smaller courts are elected by the state's citizens who live within that court's jurisdiction to four-year terms.
See also:
List Of Governors Of Georgia and
Georgia Elected Officials
Georgia has 159
Counties , the most of any state except
Texas (with 254). Before 1932, there were 161, with
Milton and
Campbell being merged into
Fulton at the end of 1931. Counties have been named for prominent figures in both American and Georgia history.
Counties in Georgia have their own elected legislative branch, usually called the Board of Commissioners, which usually also has executive authority in the county. Georgia's Constitution provides all counties and cities with "
Home Rule " authority, and so the county commissions have considerable power to pass legislation within their county as a
Municipality would.
''(See:
List Of Georgia Counties .)''
Besides the counties, Georgia only defines cities as local units of government. Every incorporated town, no matter how small, is legally a city. Georgia does not provide for
Townships or
Independent Cities (though there is a movement in the Legislature to provide for townships) but does allow
Consolidated City-county governments by local
Referendum . So far, only
Columbus ,
Augusta ,
Athens , and
Cusseta have done this.
Conyers is studying possibly becoming consolidated with
Rockdale County .
There is no true
Metropolitan Government in Georgia, though the
Atlanta Regional Commission and
Georgia Regional Transportation Authority do provide some services, and the ARC must approve all major
Land Development projects in
Metro Atlanta .
Until recently, Georgia's state government had the longest unbroken record of single-party dominance of any state in the Union. For over 130 years, from 1872 to 2003, Georgians only elected Democratic governors, and Democrats held the majority of seats in the General Assembly. Most of the Democrats elected throughout these years were Southern Democrats or
Dixiecrats who were very conservative throughout the 60s segregationist period.
During the 1960s and 1970s Georgia made significant changes in civil rights, governance, and economic growth focused on
Atlanta and was a bedrock of the emerging "
New South ." This characterization was solidified with the election of former Georgia Governor
Jimmy Carter to the
U.S. Presidency in 1976.
The political dominance of Democrats ended in 2003, when then-Governor
Roy Barnes was defeated by
Sonny Perdue , a state legislator and former Democrat himself, in what was regarded as a stunning upset. While Democrats retained control of the State House, they lost their majority in the Senate when four Democrats switched parties. They relinquished their hold on the House in the 2004 election; currently, Republicans control all three partisan elements of the state government. Many conservative Democrats, including former U.S. Senator and governor
Zell Miller , have decided to support Republicans in recent years;
George W. Bush won the state in the 2004 election, and conservative initiatives such as restrictions on
Abortion have won broad support.
As Of The 2001 Reapportionment , the state has 13 seats in the
U.S. House Of Representatives , which are currently held by 7 Republicans and 6 Democrats.
''See also :
United States Presidential Election, 2004, In Georgia
See Also: List of television stations in Georgia
Georgia is home to
Ted Turner , who founded
TBS ,
TNT ,
TCM ,
Cartoon Network ,
CNN and
Headline News , among others. The
CNN Center , which houses the news channel's world headquarters, is located in downtown Atlanta, facing Marietta Street, while the home offices of the Turner Entertainment networks are located in
Midtown , near the
Georgia Tech campus, on Techwood Drive. A third Turner building is on Williams Street, directly across
Interstate 75 and
Interstate 85 from the Techwood Drive campus and is the home of
Adult Swim and
Williams Street Studios .
The Weather Channel 's headquarters are located in the
Smyrna area of metropolitan Atlanta in
Cobb County .
WSB-TV was the state's first television station, and the southeastern United State's second. WSB-TV signed on Channel 8 in 1948, and moved to its present day location on Channel 2 in 1952.
Georgia Public Broadcasting (GPB) operates nine major
Education al
Television Station s across the state as Georgia Public Broadcasting Television.
Georgia Public Broadcasting Accessed, May 19, 2007
See Also: List of radio stations in Georgia
WSB-AM in Atlanta was the first radio station in the southeastern United States, signing on in 1922. The station currently broadcasts a news/talk format.
WSB-FM signed on in 1948 on 104.5 FM, and moved to 98.5 FM in 1952. The station broadcasts today, still with the WSB-FM callsign, but is known as "B98.5FM".
Georgia Public Radio has been in service since 1984 and, with the exception of Atlanta, it broadcasts daily on several FM (and one AM) stations across the state. 1984.
Georgia Public Radio Accessed, May 19, 2007
Georgia Public Radio Accessed, May 19, 2007 Georgia Public Radio reaches nearly all of Georgia (with the exception of the Atlanta area, which is served by
WABE ), as well as portions of
Alabama ,
Florida ,
South Carolina , and
Tennessee .
See Also: List of newspapers in Georgia (U.S. state)
There are several major newspapers in Georgia. Among them are the
Atlanta Journal Constitution and the
Augusta Chronicle . Other media publications in the state include business magazines; entertainment media such as
Southern Voice ; and various sports magazines.
Mondotimes.com , Accessed, May 19, 2007
''See also
Tour De Georgia ,
The Masters Tournament ''
Georgia's nicknames include and '''Empire State of the South '''.
The
State Song , "
Georgia On My Mind " by
Hoagy Carmichael , was originally written about a woman of that name, but after Georgia native
Ray Charles sang it, the state legislature voted it the state song on
24 April 1979 . Ray Charles sang it on the legislative floor when the bill was passed. This act was significant in that it symbolized to many the move away from segregation and racism.
The state commemorative quarter was released on
19 July 1999 .
State symbols and emblems
The first houses in Georgia to be designated historic state landmarks are the Owens Thomas House and the
Sorrel Weed House , in the Savannah historic district.
Here is a list of the state symbols:
(''
Quercus Virginiana '')
(''
Toxostoma Rufum '')
(''
Rosa Laevigata '')
State game bird:
Bobwhite Quail (''
Colinus Virginianus '')
State wildflower:
Azalea (''
Rhododendron '' spp.)
(''
Prunus Persica '')
(''
Micropterus Salmoides '')
(''
Gopherus Polyphemus '')
(''
Hyla Cinerea '')
State possum:
Pogo Possum
(''
Apis Mellifera '')
(''
Papilio Glaucus '')
State seashell:
Knobbed Whelk (''
Busycon Carica '')
State crop:
Peanut
State vegetable:
Vidalia Sweet Onion
State Fossil : the shark tooth
- ''New Georgia Encyclopedia'' (2005) .
- Bartley, Numan V. ''The Creation of Modern Georgia'' (1990). Covers 1865-1990 period. ISBN 0-8203-1183-9.
- Coleman, Kenneth. ed. ''A History of Georgia'' (1991). ISBN 0-8203-1269-X.
- London, Bonnie Bullard. (2005) ''Georgia and the American Experience'' Atlanta, Georgia: Clairmont Press ISBN 1-56733-100-9. A middle school textbook.
- Peirce, Neal R. ''The Deep South States of America: People, Politics, and Power in the Seven Deep South States'' (1974). Information on politics and economics 1960-72. ISBN 0-393-05496-9.
