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The Republic Of China (ROC), now only constituting the island of Taiwan and a few smaller islands, is currently recognized by 24 states, including the Holy See of Vatican City . Therefore the course of the Foreign Relations of the Republic of China is dominated by maintaining ties with these countries, as well as Diplomatic Relations with other countries via its De-facto Embassies and Consulates . The Political Status Of Taiwan is still being debated. HISTORY See Also: History of the Republic of China Established in 1912, the early years of the Republic of China were characterised by the domination of warlords and foreign incursions. When the First World War broke out in 1914, Japan fought on the Allied side and seized the German possessions in Shandong . The Japanese set before the Beiyang Government in Beijing (Peking) the Twenty-One Demands . The Beijing government rejected some of these demands but yielded to the Japanese insistence on keeping the Shandong territory already in its possession. Beijing also recognised Tokyo's authority over southern Manchuria and eastern part of modern-day Inner Mongolia . In 1917, in secret communiques, Britain , France , and Italy assented to the Japanese claim in exchange for Japanese naval action against Germany. In 1917, China declared war on Germany in the hope of recovering its lost province , then under Japan ese control. But in 1918 the Beijing government signed a secret deal with Japan accepting the latter's claim to Shandong. When the Treaty Of Versailles confirmed the Japanese claim to Shandong and Beijing's sellout became public, internal reaction was shattering. The government did not sign the treaty as a result of the May Fourth Movement . Between 1901 and 1937, the United States Military maintained a strong presence in China to maintain Far East trade interests and to pursue a permanent alliance with the Republic Of China , after long diplomatic difficulties with the Chinese Empire . The relationship between the U.S. and China was mostly on-again off-again, with periods of both cordial diplomatic relations accompanied by times of severed relations and violent anti-U.S. protests. The United States military in China was slowly withdrawn to protect other U.S. interests in the Pacific with the approach of World War II . After years of Japanese control of Manchuria and eastern Inner Mongolia, War broke out between Japan and China in 1937 in the Marco Polo Bridge Incident . INTERNATIONAL DISPUTES See Also: China and the United Nations The 1970s saw a switch in diplomatic recognition from the Republic Of China to the People's Republic Of China with countries like the United States, Japan, and Canada making the switch during that decade. In October 1971, Resolution 2758 was passed by the UN General Assembly , expelling "the representatives of Chiang Kai-shek" and replacing the China seat on the Security Council (and all other UN organs) with delegates from the People's Republic of China. It declared "that the representatives of the Government of the People's Republic of China are the only lawful representatives of China to the United Nations" and thus do not regard the Republic Of China as legitimately representing the whole of China. Many attempts by the ROC to rejoin the UN, in recent years, have not made it past committee, under fierce opposition and threatened vetoes from the PRC. The recent resolutions have all emphasized that Resolution 2758, replacing the ROC with the PRC in 1971, only addressed the question of who should have China's seat in the UN rather than whether an additional seat for Taiwan can be created to represent the 23 million people on Taiwan and other Islands . Today, only 24 states officially recognize the Republic of China, as the PRC makes breaking ties with the ROC and the recognition of the PRC as the sole legitimate government of China the prerequisite to diplomatic relations. Although the current presidential administration leans toward De-jure Taiwan Independence it has not formally renounced its jurisdiction over Mainland China . The relationship with Mongolia is more complicated. Until 1945, the ROC claimed jurisdiction over Mongolia (including Tannu Uriankhai , part of which is present-day Tuva ), but under Soviet pressure, it recognized Mongolian independence in 1946. Shortly thereafter, it repudiated this recognition and continued to claim jurisdiction over Mongolia until 1953. Since the late 1990s, relationship with Mongolia has become a controversial topic. The DPP is attempting to establish diplomatic relations with Mongolia, but this move is controversial because it is widely seen as a prelude for renouncing Republic Of China 's sovereignty over the Mainland People's Republic Of China thereby declaring De-jure Taiwan Independence . Like the mainland People's Republic of China, the claim of Mongolia is not officially dropped, but the new ''de facto'' relations with Mongolia is handled by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, instead of the Mainland Affairs Council , effectively acknowledging Mongolia as a foreign country. Mongolia has been excluded from the "Mainland Area" as defined in the Articles 3 of the "Enforcement Rules of Statute Governing the Relations between the Taiwan Area and the Mainland Area", revised and announced in 2002. On less official terms, the ROC is involved in a complex dispute for control over the Spratly Islands with the PRC, Malaysia , the Philippines , Vietnam , and possibly Brunei ; and over the Paracel Islands , occupied by the PRC, but claimed by Vietnam and ROC. ROC claims the Japan ese-administered Diaoyu Islands (which the Japanese call "Senakaku-shoto"), as does the PRC. On and spent the interim lobbying for Kiribati President Anote Tong to reverse his decision. The decision to hold off for weeks was possibly due to the strategic importance of the PRC's satellite tracking base on Kiribati, which had been used for Shenzhou V and thought to have been used to spy on a U.S. missile range in the Marshall Islands . LIST OF COUNTRIES WITH DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS WITH THE ROC ''Dates indicate establishment or duration of relations.''
Europe (1 state)
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