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The national flag of Romania is a vertical Tricolor of Blue , Yellow , and Red . The colors stand for the three historical provinces of Romania. The current design was officially adopted in 1994 but has been in use since 1989 . The first flag dates from 1834 but the colours by themselves have held special significance ever since the Sixth Century . During the reign of the ''Domnitor'' , Yellow , Red . Also it bore the Coat Of Arms in use at that time in the center of the flag. DESIGN AND SYMBOLISM The current form of the flag was officially established by Law no. 75 Law no. 75 (in Romanian) ( in English ) passed on July 16th, 1994, defines the flag size and colours and establishes rules of use. passed by the Romanian Government in July 1994 . This form had been in use ever since December 27 , 1989 , days after the Romanian Revolution took place. Official design The national flag of Romania is a Tricolour consisting of three vertical colour bands ( Pales ) of equal width: blue (hoist side), yellow, and red. The flag ratio is 2:3 (height/width), with the three colours each taking one third of the space. Flag colours The exact colours are defined by Romanian Law no. 75 as being "cobalt blue, chrome yellow and vermilion red". These are not actually colours but Pigment s ie. chemical substances used for coloring. They are thus unsuitable for digital use. :''Note: Obtaining digital colour values from these pigments is a very subjective and complicated process. The only known reliable source of digital values for the Romanian flag is the "Album des Pavillons" book, Album des Pavillons (2000) : very highly regarded vexillological reference quoted by "Flags of the World", Romanian section at Flags of the World which lists Pantone and CMYK colour codes, obtained by visual matching against new flags in natural sunlight. The following colours are those obtained from that source.'' Please remember that these codes are not by any means absolute. In particular, it is recommended that you avoid using charts that claim to offer Pantone-to-digital conversions, since they are subjective as well. If you need digital colour codes, use the CMYK codes offered by the book mentioned above instead, since they are the closest thing to a reliable source. Meaning of the colours The three colours stand for the three historical provinces of Romania, as a symbol of unity: Transylvania , Ţara Românească(also Called Muntenia) and Moldova . Another meaning of the colours says that blue stands for the clarity of the sky, yellow for the richness of the crop fields and that red suggests the bloodshed of Romanian ancestors to defend the country. Each colour, by itself, held important significance throughout history in one of the provinces. Their eventual unification within the national flag was a natural development. FLAG DAY Flag Day (''Ziua Tricolorului'') is held on June 26 and constitutes an annual Holiday In Romania . Law no. 96 passed on May 20, 1998 (in Romanian) declares June 26 as the Flag Day. HISTORY 6th century: Dacia Justinianus One of the very first occurrences of the three official colours of today dates back to the Novella XI, issued on April 14, 535 by Emperor Justinian I . Among other things, it describes what was called "Justinian Dacia " ( Banat and part of Oltenia ) at the time, and contains a coat of arms for it. "Ex parte dextra, in prima divisione, scutum rubrum, in cuius medis videtur turris, significans utramque Daciam, in secunda divisione, scutum coelesti, cum (signum) tribus Burris, quarum duae e lateribus albae sunt, media vero aurea." :Translation: ''"On the right, in the first section, a red shield, on which towers can be seen, signifying the other Dacia, in the second section, a blue-sky shield, with the ensigns of the Bur tribe, the sides are white, and golden in the middle."'' 9th-19th centuries The three official colours were encountered again after the IX-th century, when the Romanian people is considered to have formed. The colours made various appearances in the flags of the various Romanian principalities and noble houses, as chosen by rulers or nobility. While the three colours were only used together coincidentally, it is a fact that each of them, by itself, held very important significance in the three historical provices of Romania. The principality of were not allowed to use a flag due to systematic oppression (see Unio Trium Nationum,1438), the Romanian noble families used sky-blue exclusively as the shield colour for their coats of arms. 1600: the first unification In 1600 , prince Michael The Brave briefly managed to unite all three Romanian provinces, a historical feat which inspired many of the following nationalistic movements. As ruler of Wallachia and Transylvania, he managed to defeat the Moldovan army on May 18 1600 , and effectively united for the first time the three parts of today's Romania. This state of affairs didn't last long due to the instability of the region which culminated with the assassination of Michael the Brave in 1601 . Still, the three colours were used during 1599-1601 on diplomas issued by Michael's administration as a sign of appreciation to the various nobles who supported him. Over 20 diplomas have been recovered, which contain the three colours together on the crests and shields. 1821: the Anti-phanariotes revolution During the anti- Phanariotes revolution of 1821 , the three colours were displayed together on the flag used by Tudor Vladimirescu , the leader of the Wallachian uprising. While the main colour of the flag was white, the hoist had three sets of tassels, combining the red, blue and yellow colours two by two. 1834: the first flag The first official acknowledgement of the three colours together on the flag took place in 1834 , during the ruling of Dimitrie Ghica , when the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire approved the adoption of a flag with the three colours placed horizontally (with blue at the bottom) and an eagle holding a crown and sceptre on yellow, for the use of all Romanian commercial and military units and ships. This was the first official union of the three colours, and while it didn't hold a nationalistic meaning at the time, it was later taken as a symbol for the following nationalistic movements. 1848: the revolution displaying the flag]] During the Revolutions Of 1848 , the newly formed Romanian Government stated in its Decree no. 1, from June 14 , 1848 , and later detailed in Decree no. 252, July 13 , 1848, that the official flag was to be composed of three colours: "dark blue, light yellow and crimson red". The flag had vertical colours with blue at the hoist, and bore the inscription "Justice, Fraternity". Horizontal colours had been used that same year at the National Assemblies at Blaj , on The Field Of Liberty , on April 26 . The Romanians there used white instead of yellow -- supposedly in solidarity with other European revolutionaries, such as the French and the Hungarians, who also used white for their flags -- and the inscription "Virtus Romana Rediviva" (Roman virtue reborn). Eventually, however, all Romanian flags reverted to the yellow colour. 1859: the Small Unification The national flag is once again ratified in 1859 , when Alexandru Ioan Cuza was elected as ruler in both Moldova and Ţara Românească in a surprise consensus of the Romanians in both. This flag, used from 1859 to 1866 , had once again the colours placed horizontally, with blue at the bottom. 1867: Principality of Romania and Kingdom of Romania The placement was changed back to vertical in 1867 , with the arrival of Carol I as the ruler of the Kingdom of Romania ( 1881 - 1947 ). It has remained in this form ever since, with the blue colour at the hoist. |
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