(), formerly '''Federated Department Stores, Inc.''', is a
Department Store Holding Company and owner of
Macy's and
Bloomingdale's department stores. Founded in 1929 in
Columbus, Ohio , Federated's stores specialize mostly in
Retailing clothing, jewelry, watches, dinnerware, and furniture. On
June 1 2007 , the company changed its name from Federated Department Stores to Macy's Inc. and changed its
NYSE Ticker Symbol from "FD" to "M".
Macy's Inc. is headquartered in
Cincinnati, Ohio and operates almost 900 stores in the
United States . The company's Macy's locations and related operations account for 90 percent of the company's revenue, while luxury-oriented Bloomingdale's stores and associated ventures represent the balance of the company's business.
Macy's Inc. was founded as Federated Department Stores in 1929 in
Columbus, Ohio . Federated was originally a department store
Holding Company for
Abraham & Straus ,
F&R Lazarus & Company (including its Cincinnati division, then known as The
John Shillito Company ) and
William Filene's Sons . Bloomingdale Brothers joined the organization in 1930. In 1945 Federated moved its corporate offices to
Cincinnati, Ohio .
Over the next few decades, Federated expanded nationwide, adding
Rike Kumler of Dayton, Ohio (merged into
Shillito's in the 1980s to become
Shillito-Rike's );
Burdines of Miami, Florida;
Rich's of Atlanta, Georgia;
Foley's of Houston, Texas;
Sanger Brothers and
A. Harris , both of Dallas, Texas (which was merged with Sanger Brothers to form
Sanger-Harris );
Boston Store of Milwaukee, Wisconsin;
MainStreet of Chicago, Illinois;
Bullock's , of Los Angeles;
I. Magnin , of San Francisco, California;
Gold Circle ; and
Richway Discount Department Stores of Worthington, Ohio.
Federated was the successor to the Lazarus operation begun in Columbus, Ohio, in 1851. Lazarus family members served in prominent positions within Federated through the 1980s. In the mid 1930s, a modern merchandising standard was set when Fred Lazarus (son of Simon) arranged garments in groups of a single size with a range of style, color and price in that size, rather than the other way around. Lazarus based this technique upon observations made in Paris.
Fred Lazarus Jr. also convinced President
Franklin D. Roosevelt that changing the
Thanksgiving holiday from the last Thursday of November to the fourth Thursday, extending the Christmas shopping season, would be good for the nation's business. A 1941 Act of Congress perpetuated the arrangement. Various Lazarus family members also held key positions on Federated's board and within its various divisions, namely, Foley's, Filene's, Lazarus and Shillito's. As of January, 2002, Robert Lazarus Jr. was the only family member still with an official role at Federated, serving as assistant to Ron Klein, then chairman and CEO of the Rich's/Lazarus/Goldsmith's operating unit of Federated, now Macy's South.
flagship store in Downtown Columbus; Original headquarters of Macy's, Inc.]]
department store in downtown Cincinnati.]]
To support its huge retail operations, Federated has centralized its back-office functions into several large divisions, covering financial services, marketing, merchandising, logistics, and data processing systems. Other retailers' branded credit cards are usually issued and serviced by a third-party bank; Federated is so huge that it runs its own private bank, FDS Bank, which for many years issued and maintained the majority of its own consumer credit card portfolio with a portion at one time owned by General Electric Credit Corporation, an arrangement inherited from when
R.H. Macy & Company sold their credit portfolio in an attempt to prevent filing for bankruptcy. In 2005 Federated finalized an arrangement with
CitiGroup to sell its consumer credit portfolio, reissuing its cards under the Federated-CitiGroup Alliance name Department Stores National Bank (DSNB) and allowing Federated to continue servicing the credit accounts from its Financial, Administrative and Credit Services Group (
FACS Group Inc. )
In 1990, Federated -- now under the control of
Robert Campeau -- went bankrupt after its hostile
Takeover of
Allied Stores ; it emerged from bankruptcy (alas, without Campeau) in 1992 as a new public company. Federated then took over
Macy's in 1994 while that company was still emerging from its own bankruptcy in 1992. Federated entered
E-commerce late, in 1998. FDS Bank was one of the last credit card banks to allow its cardholders to access account information online (around 2004). The department store chain
Stern's , a division of Federated, ceased operations in 2001 and most of its stores became
Macy's stores. In 2003, Federated changed the nameplates of all their non-Macy's stores, except Bloomingdale's, to include the Macy's name. The rebranding process was referred internally to as Project Hyphen. Under the plan,
Seattle -based The Bon Marche became Bon-Macy's; Goldsmith's in Tennessee became Goldsmith's-Macy's; Lazarus, Burdines, and Rich's also added "-Macy's" to their name. A year later, the original hyphenated names were dropped in favor of just Macy's, a rebranding process referred internally to as Project Star.
On
July 18 ,
2005 , Federated Department Stores announced that they would acquire
May Department Stores company for $11 billion in cash and stock. Also part of the buyout was the bridal and formal unit of May, consisting of
David's Bridal and
After Hours Formalwear . Federated would also assume $6 billion of May's debt, bringing total consideration to $17 billion. The deal would create the nation's largest department store chain with over 1,000 stores and $30 billion in annual sales. To help finance the deal, Federated agreed to sell its combined proprietary credit card business (but still administrated by FACS Group, a subsidiary of Federated) to
Citigroup . The merger was completed on
August 30 , 2005, after an assurance agreement was reached with the State Attorneys General of
New York ,
California ,
Massachusetts ,
Maryland and
Pennsylvania .
Federated has announced plans to sell 80 store locations in 2006, having pledged in its settlement to sell most of them as viable businesses, with preference being given to a group of thirteen competitors. This number could fluctuate pursuant to Federated's negotiations with various mall landlords and its final decision regarding using former May locations for its luxury
Bloomingdale's operation. ''Madeline's'' subsequently announced Federated's plans to sell the May Company division
Lord & Taylor brand to a conglomerate of investors — NDRC Equity Partners, LLC, which bought the chain for $1.2 billion, in October 2006.
On September 9, 2006, May Company division stores
Famous-Barr ,
Filene's ,
Foley's (the prior two are former Federated stores in their own right),
Hecht's ,
The Jones Store ,
Kaufmann's ,
L.S. Ayres ,
Marshall Field's ,
Meier & Frank ,
Robinsons-May , and
Strawbridge's brands ceased to exist as Federated replaced most of them with the
Macy's masthead, and a select few converting to the
Bloomingdale's brand. The conversion of
Marshall Field's in Chicago has been particularly criticized, with many customers boycotting the State Street store and staying away from the emporium in droves. The
Chicago Tribune continues to report on the poor reception of Macy's in Chicago.
One of the consequences of this
Rebranding is that over 80 U.S. malls will have two Macy's department stores. In Downtown Boston, Federated is liquidating an acquired
Filene's because it already has a Macy's (formerly a
Jordan Marsh ) across the street. The two stores have a combined floorspace of more than 1.4 million square feet, more than two-thirds the size of Macy's flagship store in New York City.
On
November 17 ,
2006 , the bridal and formal unit was sold. David's Bridal and Priscilla of Boston were sold to
Leonard Green & Partners, L.P. After Hours Formalwear was sold to
Men's Wearhouse .
Federated Agrees to Sell Bridal Group , Federated Department Stores, Inc., November 17, 2006.
On
February 27 ,
2007 , Federated announced that its Board of Directors will ask shareholders to change the company's name to By
March 28 , the company revised its plans for the new name, opting to eventually become Macy's, Inc. Federated shareholders approved the revised proposal during the company's annual meeting on
May 18 ,
2007 .
{Link without Title}
The name took effect on in
New York City .
NYSE stock quote information
department store in
Atlanta 's
Lenox Square , originally housing
Davison's .]]
Federated settled an
SEC investigation for $14.46 million in 1998 due unethical debt-collection practices. Federated forced debtors to sign an agreement that legally bound them to repay their outstanding balances instead of having the debt discharge via
Bankruptcy . Federated failed to file reaffirmation agreements with bankruptcy courts. As a result, the changes in the agreements were not legally binding."Federated Settles for Millions," ''BCD News and Comment''. Vol. 32:1. 3 March 1998."Federated Department Store Settles FTC Action for 8 Million," ''Consumer Financial Services Law Report''. Vol. 3:1. 11 June 1999."FTC and Federated Settle Reaffirmation Claims," Consumer Bankruptcy News, Vol. 8:19. 17 June 1999.
- Many Happy Returns to Lazarus ''WOSU-TV Documentary''
- Charles Lazarus Interview ''Columbus Jewish Historical Society''
- Former Lazarus Chairman and Federated Director Charles Lazarus Dies at Age 93 , ''Columbus Dispatch'', May 14, 2007
- Charles Lazarus Recalled as Retail and Civic Leader , ''Columbus Dispatch'', May 15, 2007
- Best of times: Staffers remember when work seemed like a family , ''Columbus Business First'', December 21, 2001
- Biography of Ralph Lazarus (1914 - 1988) ''University of Cincinnati''
- Great Living Cincinnatians: Fred Lazarus, Jr. ''Greater Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce''
- Prospecting Pays ''Time Magazine,'' December 9, 1946
- Shuffling the Lazari ''Time Magazine,'' September 29, 1967
- Time to Get Involved ''Time Magazine,'' January 19, 1968
- Personalities ''Time Magazine,'' April 3, 1964
- Family Affair ''Time Magazine,'' September 8, 1958
- Foley's New Look ''Time Magazine,'' November 3, 1947
- How Much is Enough? ''Time Magazine,'' July 16, 1945
