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Language extinction also occurs when a language undergoes rapid evolution or assimilation until it eventually gives birth to an offspring, i.e., a dissimilar language or family of languages. Such is the case with Latin ; an extinct (and dead) language which serves as the parent of the modern Romance Languages . Likewise Sanskrit is the parent of the modern Indian Languages and Old English is the parent of Modern English . In some cases, an extinct language remains in use for Scientific , Legal , or Ecclesiastical functions. Sanskrit , Latin , Old Church Slavonic , Avestan , Coptic , Old Tibetan and Ge'ez are among the many extinct languages used as Sacred Language s. A language that does have living native speakers is called a Modern Language . Ethnologue claims there are 6,912 living languages known. {Link without Title} Hebrew is an example of a formerly extinct Liturgical language that has been Revived to become a living language. There are other attempts at language revival. For example, young school children use Sanskrit in Revived Language in Mathoor Village (India) {Link without Title} . In general, the success of these attempts has been subject to debate, as it is not clear they will ever become the common native language of a community of speakers. RECENTLY EXTINCT LANGUAGES See Also: List of extinct languages With last known speaker and/or date of death. # '' Adai '': (late 19th century) # Akkala Sami : Marja Sergina (2003) # entire '' Alsean Family '' ## '' Alsea '': John Albert (1942) ## '' Yaquina '': (1884) # '' Apalachee '': (early 18th century) # '' Atakapa '': (early 20th century) # '' Atsugewi '': (1988) # '' (a.k.a. "Nancy April") (1829) # entire '' Catawban Family '': ## '' Catawba '': before 1960 ## '' Woccon '' # '' Cayuse '': (ca. 1930s) # '' Chemakum '': (ca. 1940s) # '' Chicomuceltec '': (late 20th century) # '' Chimariko '': (ca. 1930s) # '' Chitimacha '': Benjamin Paul (1934) & Delphine Ducloux (1940) # entire '' Chumashan Family '': Barbareño language was last to become extinct. #'' Barbareño '': Mary Yee (1965) #'' Ineseño '' #'' Island Chumash '' #'' Obispeño '' # '' Purisimeño '' # '' Ventureño '' # '' Coahuilteco '': (18th century) # '' Cochimí '' (a Yuman-Cochimí language): (early 19th century) # entire '' Comecrudan Family '' ## '' Comecrudo '': recorded from children (Andrade, Emiterio, Joaquin, & others) of last speakers in 1886 ## '' Garza '': last recorded in 1828 ## '' Mamulique '': last recorded in 1828 # entire '' Coosan Family '' ## '' Hanis '': Martha Johnson (1972) ## '' Miluk '': Annie Miner Peterson (1939) # '', last fluent speaker, died 1777) (undergoing attempts at revival) # all '' Costanoan '' languages (which make up a subfamily of the Utian Language Family ): (ca. 1940s) ## '' Karkin '' ## '' Mutsun '' ## ''Northern Costanoan'': ### Ramaytush ### Chochenyo ### Tamyen ### Awaswas ## '' Rumsen '': last recorded speaker died 1939 in Monterey, California. ## '' Chalon '' # '' Cotoname '': last recorded from Santos Cavázos and Emiterio in 1886 # '' Crimean Gothic '': language vanished by the 1800’s # '' Cuman '': (early 17th century) # '', ( June 10 , 1898 ) # '' Esselen '': report of few speakers left in 1833, extinct before end 19th century # '' Gabrielino '' (an Uto-Aztecan language): elderly speakers last recorded in 1933 # '' Galice-Applegate '' (an Athabaskan language): ## ''Galice dialect'': Hoxie Simmons (1963) # '' Jassic '' (17th century) # '' Juaneño '' (an Uto-Aztecan language): last recorded in 1934 # '' (July 2002 ) # entire '' Kalapuyan Family '': ## '' Central Kalapuya '': ### ''Ahantchuyuk'', ''Luckimute'', ''Mary's River'', and ''Lower McKenzie River dialects'': last speakers were about 6 persons who were all over 60 in 1937 ### ''Santiam dialect'': (ca. 1950s) ## '' Northern Kalapuya '': ### ''Tualatin dialect'': Louis Kenoyer (1937) ### ''Yamhill dialect'': Louisa Selky (1915) ## '' Yonkalla '': last recorded in 1937 from Laura Blackery Albertson who only partly remembered it. # '' Kamassian '': (1989) # '' Karankawa '': (1858) # '' Kathlamet '' (a Chinookan language): (ca. 1930s) # '' Kitanemuk '' (an Uto-Aztecan language): Marcelino Rivera, Isabella Gonzales, Refugia Duran (last recorded 1937) # '' Kitsai '' (a Caddoan language): (ca. 1940) # '' Kwalhioqua-Clatskanie '' (an Athabaskan language): children of the last speakers remembered a few words, recorded in 1935 & 1942 ## ''Clatskanie dialect'': father of Willie Andrew (ca. 1870) ## ''Kwalhioqua dialect'': mother of Lizzie Johnson (1910) # '' Lower Chinook '' (a Chinookan language): (ca. 1930s) # '' Mahican '': last spoken in Wisconsin (ca. 1930s) # '' (December 1974 ) (but is being Revived as a Second Language ) # '' Mattole-Bear River '' (an Athabaskan language): ## ''Bear River dialect'': material from last elderly speaker recorded (ca. 1929) ## ''Mattole dialect'': material recorded (ca. 1930) # '' Mbabaram '': Albert Bennett (1972) # '' Miami - Illinois '': (1989) # '' Mochica '': ca. 1950s # '' Mohegan '': Fidelia Fielding (1908) # '' Molala '': Fred Yelkes (1958) # '' Munichi '': Victoria Huancho Icahuate (late 1990s) # '' Natchez '': Watt Sam & Nancy Raven (early 1930s) # '' Negerhollands '': Alice Stevenson (1987) # '' Nooksack '': Sindick Jimmy (1977) # '' Northern Pomo '': (1994) # '' Nottoway '' (an Iroquoian language): last recorded before 1836 # '' Pentlatch '' (a Salishan language): Joe Nimnim (1940) # '' Pánobo '' (a Pano-Tacanan language): 1991 # '' Polabian '' (a Slavic language): (late 18th century) # '' Salinan '': (ca. 1960) # entire '' Shastan Family '' ## '' Konomihu '' ## '' New River Shasta '' ## '' Okwanuchu '' ## '' Shasta '': 3 elderly speakers in 1980, extinct by 1990 # '' Siuslaw '': (ca. 1970s) # '' Slovincian '' (a Slavic language): (20th century) # '' Susquehannock '': all last speakers murdered in 1763 # '' Takelma '': Molly Orton (or Molly Orcutt) & Willie Simmons (both not fully fluent) last recorded in 1934 # '') # '' Tataviam '' (an Uto-Aztecan language): Juan José Fustero who remembered only a few words of his grandparents' language (recorded 1913) # '' Teteté (an Tucanoan language) # '' Tillamook '' (a Salishan language): (1970) # '' Tonkawa '': 6 elderly people in 1931 # '' Tsetsaut '' (an Athabaskan language): last fluent speaker was elderly man recorded in 1894 # '' Tunica '': Sesostrie Youchigant (ca. mid 20th century) # '' (October 1992 ) # all dialects of ''Upper Chinook'' (a Chinookan language) are extinct, except for the Wasco-Wishram dialect. The '' Clackamas dialect'' began extinct in the 1930s, other dialects have little documentation. (The Wasco-Wishram Dialect is still spoken by 6 elders.) # '' Upper Umpqua '': Wolverton Orton, last recorded in 1942 # ''Vegliot 1898 ) # '' Wappo '' # '' Wiyot '': Della Prince (1962) # '' (1916) # '' Yola '' related to English (mid 19th c.) SEE ALSO EXTERNAL LINKS
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