In his seminal work on Social Choice Theory , Kenneth Arrow (1963) mentions the ancient lineage of extended sympathy in ethical writings and its basic, if informal, character in many welfare judgments. Arrow's book itself (p. 9) uses individual preference orderings rather than real-valued measures of preferences. This excludes ''interpersonal comparisons of welfare'' in a precise sense (invariance of social choices to linear Cardinalizations of individual preference orderings). Extended-sympathy interpersonal comparisons of welfare relax that constraint (Arrow, {Link without Title} , pp. 151-2). Such comparisons expand the informational base of welfare-theoretical decisions, as Amartya Sen (1982) has emphasized. Still, variants of Arrow's dictatorial Result persist in reformulation (Kotaro Suzumura, 1997, p. 221).
- Kenneth J. Arrow, 1951, 2nd ed.,1963, '' Social Choice And Individual Values '' ISBN 0-300-01364-7
- _____, 1983 [1977), "Extended Sympathy and the Possibility of Social Choice," in ''Collected Papers of Kenneth J. Arrow'', v. 1, ''Social Choice and Justice'', pp. 147-61. ISBN 0-674-13760-4
- Amartya Sen, 1982, ''Choice, Welfare and Measurment'', ch. 11, 12, 15. ISBN 0-262-19214-4
- Kotaro Suzumura, "Interpersonal Comparisons of the Extended Sympathy Type and the Possibility of Social Choice," in K. J. Arrow, A. Sen, and K. Suzumura, ed., 1997, ''Social Choice Re-Examined'', v. 2, pp. 202-29. ISBN 0-312-12741-3
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