Ethic Of Reciprocity Article Index for
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Ethic Of Reciprocity
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The ethic of reciprocity or '''"The Golden Rule"''' is a fundamental Moral principle which simply means "''treat others as you would like to be treated.''"
It is arguably the most essential basis for the modern concept of Human Rights . Principal philosophers and religious figures have stated it in different ways,


The Principle of Tolerance

Ethical teaching interprets the Golden Rule as mutual respect for one's neighbour (rather than as a Deontological or Consequentialist rule.) Most of us know that different people have different Faith s or ideological beliefs, different preferences concerning sex or other matters, and may belong to a different cultural heritage. George Bernard Shaw once said that "The golden rule is that there are no golden rules". Shaw also criticized the golden rule, "Do not do unto others as you would they should do unto you. Their tastes may not be the same." (Maxims for Revolutionists). "The golden rule is a good standard which is further improved by doing unto others, wherever possible, as ''they'' want to be done by." Karl Popper (''The Open Society and Its Enemies, Vol. 2'')

A key element of the ethic of reciprocity is that a person attempting to live by this rule treats all people, not just members of his or her In-group , with consideration.


RELIGION


Global ethic

See Also: Global ethic


The "Declaration Toward a Global Ethic" from Parliament Of The World’s Religions proclaim the Golden Rule (both in negative and positive form) as the common principle for many religions. The Declaration was signed by more than 200 leaders from 40+ different faith traditions and spiritual communities.


Bahá'í



Christianity



Confucianism



Hinduism



Islam

The Qur’an and the Hadith give examples of the ethic of reciprocity:Jeffrey Wattles, The Golden Rule (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996) 4, 191-192, Questia, 24 July 2007

  • “Woe to those . . . who, when they have to receive by measure from men, exact full measure, but when they have to give by measure or weight to men, give less than due”

  • Qur’an (Surah 83, "The Unjust," vv. 1-4)

  • Wattles (191)

  • Rost, H.T.D. The Golden Rule: A Universal Ethic, 100. Oxford, 1986

  • The Qur'an commends "those who show their affection to such as came to them for refuge and entertain no desire in their hearts for things given to the (latter), but give them preference over themselves"

  • Qur’an (Surah 59, "Exile," vv. 9)

  • Wattles (192)

  • Rost (100)


  • “None of you {Link without Title} believes until he wishes for his brother what he wishes for himself.”

  • An-Nawawi's Forty Hadith 13 (p. 56)

  • Wattles (191)

  • Rost (100)

  • "Seek for mankind that of which you are desirous for yourself, that you may be a believer; treat well as a neighbor the one who lives near you, that you may be a Muslim who submits to God ."

  • Sukhanan-i-Muhammad (Teheran, 1938) Title: Conversations of Muhammad

  • Wattles (192)

  • Rost (100)

  • Donaldson Dwight M. 1963. Studies in Muslim Ethics, p.82. London: S.P.C.K

  • “That which you want for yourself, seek for mankind.”

  • Sukhanan-i-Muhammad (Teheran, 1938)

  • Wattles (192)

  • Rost (100)

  • Donaldson (82)

  • "The most righteous of men is the one who is glad that men should have what is pleasing to himself, and who dislikes for them what is for him disagreeable."

  • Sukhanan-i-Muhammad (Teheran, 1938)

  • Wattles (192)

  • Rost (100)

  • Donaldson (82)



Jainism



Judaism



Sikhism



Buddhism



QUOTES

  • "The golden rule ... is further improved by doing unto others, wherever possible, as they want to be done by." - Karl Popper (The Open Society and Its Enemies, Vol. 2)




EFFECTS OF THE GOLDEN RULE ON POLITICS



RECIPROCAL ALTRUISM AND TIT FOR TAT



FOOTNOTES