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Environmental design is the process of addressing Environmental parameters when devising plans, programs, policies, buildings, or products. Classical prudent design may have always considered environmental factors; however, the Environmental Movement beginning in the 1960s has made the concept more explicit. Holm, Ivar (2006). ''Ideas and Beliefs in Architecture and Industrial design: How attitudes, orientations, and underlying assumptions shape the built environment''. Oslo School of Architecture and Design. ISBN 8254701741. Environmental Design has been defined: "We live in the world by design. Creating the everyday environment in which we live involves complex systems of cultural meaning, visual communication and the use of tools, technology and materials. As a field of study, Environmental Design encompasses the built, natural, and human environments and focuses on fashioning physical and social interventions informed by human behaviour and environmental processes. Design asks us to find answers to the most fundamental of human questions: how should we live in the world and what should inform our actions? This complex endeavour requires an interdisciplinary approach." ''Environmental design'' in the old-fashioned sense develops physical environments, both interior and exterior, to meet one or more aesthetic or day-to-day functional needs, or to create a specific sort of experience - the focus being the human-designed environment. Environmental design includes such specialities as Architect s, Acoustical scientists, Engineer s, Environmental Scientist s, Landscape Architects , Urban Planning , Interior Designer s, Lighting Designer s, and Exhibition Designer s. In many situations, Historic Preservation can be added to this list. Another recent addition to this general area might be " Disability Access ". In terms of a larger scope, environmental design has implications for the s, wind-electricity generators, solar-electric equipment, and other kinds of equipment could serve as examples. EXAMPLES Examples of the environmental design process include use of Roadway Noise computer models in design of Noise Barrier s and use of Roadway Air Dispersion Model s in analyzing and designing urban Highway s. Designers consciously working within this more recent framework of philosophy and practice seek a blending of nature and technology, regarding Ecology as the basis for design. Some believe that strategies of conservation, stewardship, and regeneration can be applied at all levels of scale from the individual building to the community, with benefit to the human individual and local and planetary ecosystems. Specific examples of large scale environmental design projects include:
HISTORY Early roots began in the late 19th Century with writer/designer William Morris , who rejected the use of industrialized materials and processes in wallpaper, fabrics and books his studio produced. He and others, such as John Ruskin felt that the industrial revolution would lead to harm done to nature and workers. From the middle of the twentieth century, thinkers like Buckminster Fuller have acted as catalysts for a broadening and deepening of the concerns of environmental designers. Nowadays, Energy Efficiency , Appropriate Technology , Organic Horticulture or Organic Agriculture , Land Restoration , Community Design , and ecologically Sustainable energy and waste systems are recognized considerations or options and may each find application. SEE ALSO Energy-efficient Buildings & Design:
Energy Usage (Commercial, Residential, Societal): Urban Ecology Land Use & Community Planning Prevention of Crime Waste Treatment Innovation: REFERENCES |
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