Environmental Chemistry Article Index for
Environmental
Website Links For
Environmental Chemistry
 

Information About

Environmental Chemistry




Environmental chemistry is the Scientific Study of the chemical and biochemical phenomena that occur in natural places. It should not be confused with Green Chemistry , which seeks to reduce potential pollution at source. It can be defined as the study of the sources, reactions, transport, effects, and fates of chemical species in the Air , Soil , and water environments; and the effect of human activity on these. Environmental chemistry is an Interdisciplinary science that includes Atmospheric , Aquatic and Soil Chemistry , as well as heavily relying on Analytical Chemistry and being related to Environmental and other areas of science.

Environmental chemistry involves first understanding how the uncontaminated environment works, which chemicals in what concentrations are present naturally, and with what effects. Without this it would be impossible to accurately study the effects humans have on the Environment through the release of Chemicals .


CONCEPTS

Environmental Chemist s draw on a range of concepts from chemistry and various environmental sciences to assist in their study of what is happening to a chemical species in the Environment . Important general concepts from chemistry include understanding Chemical Reaction s and Equations , Solution s, Units , Sampling , and Analytical Techniques Williams, Ian. ''Environmental Chemistry, A Modular Approach''. Wiley. 2001. ISBN 0-471-48942-5. Various environmental concepts include:


Contamination

A '', which is a substance that has a detrimental impact on the environment it is in [http://www.sustainabletable.org/intro/dictionary/ . Whilst a contaminant is sometimes defined as a substance present in the environment as a result of human activity, but without harmful effects, it is sometimes the case that toxic or harmful effects from contamination only become apparent at a later date Harrison, R.M (edited by). ''Understanding Our Environment, An Introduction to Environmental Chemistry and Pollution, Third Edition''. Royal Society of Chemistry. 1999. ISBN 0-85404-584-8.

The "medium" (e.g. soil) or organism (e.g. fish) affected by the pollutant or contaminant is called a ''receptor'', whilst a ''sink'' is a chemical medium or species that retains and interacts with the pollutant.


Environmental indicators

Chemical measures of water quality include Dissolved Oxygen (DO) , Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) , Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) , and PH .


APPLICATIONS

Environmental chemistry is used by the Environment Agency (in England and Wales ), the Environmental Protection Agency (in the United States ), and other Environmental Agencies and research bodies around the world to detect and identify the nature and source of pollutants. These can include:
  • Heavy Metal contamination of land by industry. These can then be transported into water flows and be taken up by living organisms.

  • Nutrients such as nitrate and phosphate leaching from Agricultural land into water courses, which can lead to Algal Bloom s and Eutrophication .



METHODS


Quantitative chemical Analysis is a key part of environmental chemistry.


SEE ALSO



REFERENCES



FURTHER READING

  • Stanley E Manahan. ''Environmental Chemistry, Fifth edition''. 1991.

  • Stanley E Manahan. ''Environmental Chemistry''. CRC Press. 2004. ISBN 1-56670-633-5.

  • Julian E Andrews, Peter Brimblecombe, Tim Jickells, Peter Liss, Brian Reid. ''An Introduction to Environmental Chemistry''. Blackwell Publishing. 2004. ISBN 0-632-05905-2.

  • Rene P Schwarzenbach, Philip M Gschwend, Dieter M Imboden. ''Environmental Organic Chemistry, Second edition''. Wiley-Interscience, Hoboken, New Jersey, 2003. ISBN 0-471-35750-2.



EXTERNAL LINKS