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Elvis Aaron PresleyPresley's genuine birth certificate does actually say "Elvis ''Aaron'' Presley" (as written by a doctor). There is also a souvenir birth certificate that reads "Elvis ''Aron'' Presley." When Presley did sign his middle name, he used Aron. It says 'Aron' on his marriage certificate and on his army duffel bag. Aron was apparently the spelling the Presleys used to make it similar to the middle name of Elvis's stillborn twin, Jesse ''Garon''. Elvis later sought to change the name's spelling to the traditional and biblical Aaron. In the process he learned that ''official state records had always listed it as Aaron. Therefore, he always was, officially, Elvis Aaron Presley''. Knowing Presley's plans for his middle name, Aaron is the spelling his father chose for Elvis' tombstone, and it is the spelling his estate has designated as the official spelling whenever the middle name is used today. His death certificate says "Elvis Aron Presley". This quirk has helped inflame the "Elvis is not dead" conspiracy theories. Elvis' stillborn brother's first name is given as Jesse in many sources. However, according to a memorial marker in the grounds of "Graceland", the correct spelling is Jessie. (, 1935 – August 16 , 1977 ), was an American Singer , Musician and Actor . He is a Cultural Icon , often known simply as '''Elvis'''; also "'''The King of Rock 'n' Roll'''", or simply "'''The King'''". Presley began his career as one of the first performers of Rockabilly , an uptempo fusion of Country and Rhythm And Blues with a strong Back Beat . His novel versions of existing songs, mixing " Black " and " White " sounds, made him popular — and controversial — as did his uninhibited stage and television performances. He recorded songs in the Rock And Roll genre, with tracks like " Hound Dog " and " Jailhouse Rock " later embodying the style. Presley had a versatile voice and had unusually wide success encompassing other genres, including gospel, blues, ballads and pop. To date, he is the only performer to have been inducted into four separate music Halls Of Fame . In the 1960s, Presley made the majority of his thirty-three movies — mainly poorly reviewed musicals. In 1968 he returned to live music, performing in Las Vegas and across the U.S. Throughout his career, he set records for concert attendance, television ratings and recordings sales. He is one of the best-selling and most influential artists in the history of popular music. Though known to have health problems later in life, his death — aged 42 — shocked his fans worldwide. BIOGRAPHY Ancestry Elvis Presley was a distinctly American mixture of several ethnic groups, including , 2007 . According to German and American genealogical researchers, the singer's oldest known relative was Valentin Pressler (1669-1736), a German vinedresser who lived in Niederhochstadt, , August 11, 2007. Presley's father, Vernon ( 2007 . Early life Presley was born in a two-room house, built by his father, in Tupelo, Mississippi. He was the second of 2007 . Priscilla Presley describes her as "a surreptitious drinker and alcoholic."Priscilla Presley, ''Elvis and Me'', p.172. At school, Presley was teased by his fellow classmates; they threw "things at him — rotten fruit and stuff — because he was different, because he was quiet and he stuttered and he was a mama's boy".Guralnick, Peter (1995). ''Last Train to Memphis''. Back Bay Books, pp. 36. . At age ten, he made his first public performance in a singing contest at the Mississippi-Alabama Fair and Dairy Show. Dressed as a cowboy, the young Presley had to stand on a chair to reach the microphone and sang 2007 . In 1946, Presley's mother took Elvis to , recalled, "Wherever Elvis went he'd have his guitar slung across his back....He used to go down to the fire station and sing to the boys there.... {Link without Title} e'd go in to one of the cafes or bars....Then some folks would say: 'Let's hear you sing, boy.'"Carr and Farren, pp. 10 Presley attended L. C. Humes High School and occasionally worked evenings to boost the family income.Lichter, pp. 10 He began to grow his sideburns longer and dress in the wild, flashy clothes of Lansky Brothers on Beale Street .Lichter, pp. 9 Presley stood out, especially in the conservative Deep South of the 1950s, and he was mocked and bullied for it.Guralnick 1994, pp. 50 At Christmastime in 1952, he performed in the "Annual Minstrel Show" sponsored by the Humes High Band. Presley received most applause — he sang "Cold Cold Icy Fingers" and gave an encore of "Till I Waltz Again With You." Presley was also enrolled in the school's ROTC program. After graduation, Presley was still a rather shy person, a "kid who had spent scarcely a night away from home".Guralnick 1994, pp. 149 His third job was driving a truck for the Crown Electric Company. He began wearing his hair longer with a "ducktail" — the style of truck drivers at that time.(1996). Elvis Presley . Retrieved June 28 2007 . Musical influences Presley's initial musical influences came exclusively through attendance at his family's 2007 . In private, during breaks at recording sessions or after concerts, Presley often joined with others for informal gospel music sessions.Guralnick 1994, pp. 461 A girlfriend, Judy Spreckels , confirms that he "liked to sing hymns....He introduced me to " Amazing Grace "."See Linda Deutsch, "Elvis' Gal Pal Shares Memories." ''CBC News'', August 12, 2002. The young Presley also listened a lot to local radio; his first musical hero was Mississippi Slim , a hillbilly singer with a radio show on Tupelo’s WELO. Presley performed occasionally on Slim’s Saturday morning show, ''Singin’ and Pickin’ Hillbilly''. "He was crazy about music....That’s all he talked about," recalled his sixth grade friend, James Ausborn, Slim’s younger brother. "I think gospel sort of {Link without Title} him to be in music, but then my brother helped carry it on."Guralnick 1994, pp. 21 Before he was a teenager, music was already Presley’s "consuming passion". J. R. Snow, son of 1940s country superstar Hank Snow , later recalled that even as a young man Presley knew all of Hank Snow’s songs, "even the most obscure".Guralnick 1994, pp. 171 The family's move to Memphis expanded Presley's musical horizons. He became a regular at record stores that had Jukeboxes and listening booths, playing old records and new releases for hours. He attended services at the East Trigg Baptist Church, whose pastor, the Rev. Herbert W. Brewster, was a composer of numerous gospel songs.Cook, pp. 18 Presley was an audience member at the all-night black and white "gospel sings" downtown.( August 18 , 1997 ). "Good Rockin'". ''Newsweek'', pp. 54-55. Memphis Symphony Orchestra concerts at Overton Park were another Presley favorite, along with the Metropolitan Opera . His small record collection included Mario Lanza and Dean Martin . Presley later said, "I just loved music. Music period." Another major influence of the move to Memphis was the strong tradition of blues and soul music. He went to blues as well as and hillbilly venues. Many of his recordings were inspired by black Memphis composers and recording artists, including 2007 . King says that he "knew Elvis before he was popular. He used to come around and be around us a lot...on Beale Street ".Szatmary, pp. 35 First recordings at Sun Studios See Also: Elvis Presley's Sun recordings On 2007 . though the Presleys did not own a record player at the time.( August 18 , 1997 ) ''Newsweek'' "Good Rockin'", pp. 54. It seems likely that the Sun acetates were not cut for a birthday present, nor for Presley just to hear his own singing voice. There were cheaper ways of making recordings. This indicates to some that he already had greater ambitions. Clayton, pp. 53 Returning to Sun Studios on January 4 , 1954 , he recorded a second acetate, "I'll Never Stand in Your Way"/"It Wouldn't Be the Same Without You".Jorgensen, pp. 10 Sun Records founder music might become very popular among white people if presented in the right way.Miller, pp. 71 In the spring, Presley auditioned for an amateur gospel quartet, The Songfellows , and a professional band. Both groups turned him down.Guralnick 1994, pp. 83 When Phillips acquired a demo recording of "Without Love (There Is Nothing)" and was unable to identify the vocalist, his assistant, 2007 . During a break at the studios on July 5 , Presley began "acting the fool" with Arthur Crudup's " That's All Right (Mama) ," a blues song.Guralnick, ''The Complete 50's Masters'', 1992 (CD booklet notes) When the other two musicians joined in, Phillips got them to restart and began recording. This was the bright, upbeat sound he had been looking out for.Jorgensen, pp. 13 Black remarked, "Damn. Get that on the radio and they'll run us out of town."( August 11 – August 17 , 2007 ). "Would he still be King?". BBC ''Radio Times'', pp. 12. The group recorded four songs during that session, including Bill Monroe 's Blue Moon Of Kentucky , a Bluegrass waltz. After an early take, Phillips can be heard on tape saying: "Fine, man. Hell, that's different — that's a pop song now, just about."The last two words spoken — "just about" — are heard differently by various biographers, e.g., "nearly 'bout", "Lil' Vi". To gauge professional and public reaction, Phillips took several acetates of the session to DJ 2007 . First public performances Moore and Black began playing regularly with Presley. The three began with a few performances in July 2007 . Presley is said to have been so nervous during this show that his legs shook uncontrollably. His wide-legged pants emphasized his leg movements, apparently causing the young women in the audience to go "crazy".Naylor and Halliday, pp. 43Scotty Moore claims it was just the natural way he moved when performing — little to do with "nerves". Clayton and Heard, pp. 61 Though initially uncertain about what caused the fans to scream, Presley consciously incorporated similar movements into future shows.''Elvis Presley Classic Albums''. DVD. Eagle Eye Media, EE19007 NTSC. DJ and promoter Bob Neal, who had been approached by Sam Phillips to get Presley on the Overton Park bill, became the trio's manager (taking over from Scotty Moore). Moore and Black soon left their band, the Starlite Wranglers, and from August through October 1954 appeared with Presley as regular performers at The Eagle's Nest.EPE Elvis Presley's First Record & Early Gigs . ''ElvisPresley.com.au''. Retrieved on 2007 . Presley debuted at the '' and Denny's son, Bill, have both strenuously denied it. Clayton and Heard, pp. 69According to Peter Guralnick, it was country music band leader and D.J. Eddie Bond who made the comment when Presley failed auditions to join the Songfellows and a professional band. Presley later said that the comment "broke my heart". Guralnick 1994, pp. 11 Country music promoter and manager Tillman Franks booked Presley's first appearance on '' Louisiana Hayride '' on October 16 . Before making the booking, Franks, having never seen Presley, referred to him as "that new black singer with the funny name".Naylor and Halliday, pp.46 During Presley's first set, the reaction was muted, but the second show had a younger audience, and Franks advised Presley to "Let it all go!" As house drummer D.J. Fontana , who had worked in strip clubs, complemented Presley's movements with accented beats and Bill Black engaged in his usual enthusiastic stage antics the crowd was more responsive.Naylor and Halliday, pp. 52Country singer Porter Wagoner said Black worked hard on stage, mimicking Presley's moves, to stir the audience. "Bill Black was a big part of act —at least fifty percent." Clayton and Heard, pp. 73 According to one source, "Audiences had never before heard music like Presley played, and they had never before seen anyone who performed like Presley either. The shy, polite, mumbling boy gained self-confidence with every appearance, which soon led to a transformation on stage. People watching the show were astounded and shocked, both by the ferocity of his performance, and the crowd’s reaction to it.... Roy Orbison saw Presley for the first time in Odessa, Texas: 'His energy was incredible, his instinct was just amazing....I just didn’t know what to make of it. There was just no reference point in the culture to compare it.' 'He’s the new rage,' said a Louisiana radio executive....'Sings hillbilly in R&B time. Can you figure that out. He wears pink pants and a black coat.'"Cook, pp. 50 Sam Phillips said Presley "put every ounce of emotion...into every song, almost as if he was incapable of holding back".Guralnick 1994, pp.?? When he collapsed after a concert in Florida, a doctor warned him to slow down because he worked as hard in 20 minutes as the average laborer did in eight hours.Guralnick 1994, pp. 254 Presley's sound was proving hard to categorize; he had been billed or labeled in the media as "The King of Western Bop", "The Hillbilly Cat", and "The Memphis Flash". On August 15 , 1955 , he was signed to a one-year contract with "Hank Snow Attractions", a company owned by Hank Snow and "Colonel" Tom Parker . Parker became Presley's manager thereafter. By August 1955, Sun Studios had released ten sides credited to "Elvis Presley, Scotty and Bill", all typical of the developing Presley style." Elvis " Breakthrough year: 1956 , 1955 ]] Several major record labels had shown interest in signing Presley. On November 21 , 1955 , Parker and Phillips negotiated a deal with RCA Victor Records to acquire Presley's Sun contract for an unprecedented $35,000.Carr and Farren, ''The complete illustrated record'', 21Escott. p. 421. To increase the singer's exposure, Parker finally brought Presley to television (in March 1955, Presley had failed a TV audition for '' Arthur Godfrey's Talent Scouts ''). He had the singer booked for six of the Dorsey Brothers ' ''Stage Show'' (CBS), beginning January 28 , 1956 , when he was introduced by Cleveland DJ Bill Randle . Parker also obtained a lucrative deal with Milton Berle (NBC) for two appearances. On ''. As with the Sun recordings, the majority of the tracks were songs by or from country artists. Review: Elvis Presley From April 23 , he had a two-week booking at the Venus Room of the New Frontier Hotel, Las Vegas — billed this time as "the Atomic Powered Singer". His performances were badly received, by critics and guests (it was an older, more conservative audience). However, Presley, Scotty and Bill saw Freddie Bell And The Bellboys live in Vegas, and liked their version of Leiber And Stoller 's "Hound Dog". By May 16 , Presley had added the song to his own act. [http://www.lvstriphistory.com/ie/fron1950.htm [http://www.rockabillyhall.com/BillBlack1.html] Soon after an '' on June 5 and performed " Hound Dog " (without his guitar)."http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=afuJnsWRkwE" After singing it uptempo, he then began a slower version. His exaggerated, straight-legged shuffle around the microphone stand stirred the audience — as did his vigorous leg shaking and hip thrusts in time to the beat.1 Presley's "gyrations" created a storm of controversy — even eclipsing the ' TV show '' Hy Gardner Calling'': "Rock and roll music, if you like it, and you feel it, you can't help but move to it. That's what happens to me. I have to move around. I can't stand still. I've tried it, and I can't do it". Elvis ‘56 DVD " {Link without Title} " ''The Milton Berle Show'' appearances drew such huge ratings that ), Presley, Scotty, and Bill recorded the single "Hound Dog", making thirty takes before Elvis was satisfied. Scotty Moore later said they were "all angry about their treatment the previous night".Beebe, Fulbrook and Saunders, ''Rock over the Edge'', 97 (Presley often referred to the Allen show as the most ridiculous performance of his career. Elvis ‘56 DVD {Link without Title} ) A few days later, Presley made a "triumphant" outdoor appearance in Memphis at which he announced: "You know, those people in New York are not gone change me none. I'm gonna show you what the real Elvis is like tonight."Jorgensen, ''Elvis Presley: A life in music'', 51 Though Presley had been unhappy with the Steve Allen appearance, Allen's show had, for the first time, beaten '' The Ed Sullivan Show '' in the Sunday night ratings, prompting a previously critical Sullivan (CBS) to book Presley for three appearances for an unprecedented $50,000For more on the TV hosts' rivalries of the period, see {Link without Title} . Country vocalists The Jordanaires accompanied Presley on ''The Steve Allen Show'' and their first recording session with him was July 2 , for the recording of "Any Way You Want Me". The Jordanaires with Elvis Photos The Jordanaires would work with the singer through the 1960s. Presley's first ''Ed Sullivan'' appearance ( September 9 , 1956 ) was seen by an estimated 55-60 million viewers. During the second appearance, Presley only had to shake his legs to get screams from the audience, which a bemused Sullivan did not notice him doing when stood next to the singer. On the third show, the family-minded Sullivan censored Presley's "gyrations": he was shown only above the waist. According to the show's director, Marlo Lewis, Sullivan told him that Presley was "hangin' some kind of device in the crotch of his pants" and that it was "waving back and forth" when the singer moved. Sullivan said: "We can't have that on a Sunday night. That's a church night". Although Lewis ordered camera two to film only Presley's chest and head, he never believed the "device" was there at all.See Rose Clayton and Dick Heard, ''Elvis: By Those Who Knew Him Best'', 2003, Virgin Publishing Limited, 117-118 Despite his misgivings, Sullivan still declared at the end of the show: "This is a real decent, fine boy. We've never had a pleasanter experience on our show with a big name than we've had with you... you're thoroughly all right." On November 16 , Presley's first movie '' Love Me Tender '' was released. It was panned by the critics but did well at the box office. Harbinson, W. A., (1980). ''The life and death of Elvis Presley'', London, Michael Joseph, 62 Controversial king See Also: Elvis Presley's cultural impact Sam Phillips had anticipated problems promoting Presley's Sun singles. He recalled: "The white disc-jockeys wouldn't touch what they regarded as Negroes' music and the Negro disc-jockeys didn't want anything to do with a record made by a white man."Carr and Farren, ''The complete illustrated record'' ,16 Ironically, hillbilly singer Mississippi Slim, one of Presley's heroes, was one of the singer's fiercest critics.Dundy, E., (1985). ''Elvis and Gladys: The Genesis of the King'', London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 288 Phillips felt Dewey Phillips — a white DJ who did play 'black' music — would promote the new material, but many of the hundreds of listeners who contacted the station when "That's All Right" was played were sure Presley must be black. The singer was interviewed several times on air by the DJ and was pointedly asked which school he had attended, to convince listeners that he was white.Carr and Farren, ''The complete illustrated record'', 11 and 16 Regarding Presley's hybrid style of music, others have observed: "Racists attacked rock and roll because of the mingling of black and white people it implied and achieved, and because of what they saw as black music's power to corrupt through vulgar and animalistic rhythms... The popularity of Elvis Presley was similarly founded on his transgressive position with respect to racial and sexual boundaries... White cover versions of hits by black musicians ... often outsold the originals; it seems that many Americans wanted black music without the black people in it."Walser, R., (1998). "The rock and roll era", in ''The Cambridge History of American Music'', Cambridge University Press, 358 To some, Presley had undoubtedly "stolen" or at least "derived his style from the Negro rhythm-and-blues performers of the late 1940s."Bayles, M. (ed.), (1996). ''Hole in Our Soul: The Loss of Beauty and Meaning in American Popular Music'', University of Chicago Press, 22 But some black entertainers, like , Bill Monroe ) and other white singers, like Dean Martin By the spring of 1956, Presley was becoming popular nationwide and teenagers flocked to his concerts. Scotty Moore recalled: "He’d start out, 'You ain’t nothin’ but a Hound Dog,' and they’d just go to pieces. They’d always react the same way. There’d be a riot every time."Moore, S., as told to Dickerson, J. (1997). ''That’s Alright, Elvis: The Untold Story of Elvis’s First Guitarist and Manager, Scotty Moore'', Schirmer Books, 175 Bob Neal wrote: "It was almost frightening, the reaction... from teenage boys. So many of them, through some sort of jealousy, would practically hate him." In Lubbock, Texas , a teenage gang fire-bombed Presley's car.Carr and Farren, ''The complete illustrated record'', 12 Some performers became resentful (or resigned to the fact) that Presley going on stage before them would "kill" their own act; he thus rose quickly to top billing.Carr and Farren, ''The complete illustrated record'', 12 At the two concerts he performed at the 1956 Mississippi-Alabama Fair and Dairy Show, one hundred National Guardsmen were on hand to prevent crowd trouble. Presley was considered by some to be a threat to the moral wellbeing of young women, because "Elvis Presley didn’t just represent a new type of music; he represented sexual liberation."Brown, P. H. and Broeske, P. H., (1998). ''Down at the End of Lonely Street: The Life and Death of Elvis Presley'', 55 In 1956, a critic for the '' 2007 . In August 1956, a 2007 . Many of Presley's proposed gigs at the time were subject to local objections (Presley recalls this incident during the '68 Comeback Special ). Presley seemed bemused by all the criticism. On another of the many occasions he was challenged to justify the furore surrounding him, he said: "I don't see how they think act can contribute to juvenile delinquency. if there's anything I've tried to do, I've tried to live a straight, clean life and not set any kind of a bad example. You cannot please everyone."Spoken interview on: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=afuJnsWRkwE. Retrieved June 23 2007 . In 1957, Presley had to defend himself from claims of being overtly racist: he was alleged to have said: "The only thing Negro people can do for me is to buy my records and shine my shoes." The singer always denied saying, or ever wanting to say, such a racist remark. '' 2007 . His parents moved into a new house in Memphis, but the singer lived there briefly. With increased concerns over privacy and security, " Graceland " was bought in 1957, a mansion with several acres of land. This was Presley's primary residence until his death. Presley's record sales grew quickly throughout the late 1950s, with hits like " 2007 . However, many critics were not impressed. Very few authoritative singers were positive towards his work.Cook, ''Graceland National Historic Landmark Nomination'', 24 In response, it has been claimed that while "Elvis’s success as a singer and movie star dramatically increased his economic capital, his cultural capital never expanded enough for him to transcend the stigma of his background as a truck driver from the rural South... 'No matter how successful Elvis became... he remained fundamentally disreputable in the minds of many Americans... He was the sharecropper’s son in the big house, and it always showed.'"Pratt, Linda R. (1979). "Elvis, or the Ironies of a Southern Identity," in ''Elvis: Images and Fancies'', Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 43 and 45Rodman, G., (1996).''Elvis After Elvis, The Posthumous Career of a Living Legend'', London: Routledge, 78 Military service and mother's death On , 1958 , he was finally inducted and completed basic training at Fort Hood , Texas , before being posted to Friedberg , Germany . Presley joined the 1st Battalion, 32nd Armor. He had chosen not to receive any special treatment and was respected for not joining 'Special Services', which would have allowed him to avoid certain duties and maintain his public profile.Lichter, ''The Boy Who Dared To Rock'', p.51 His service still received massive media coverage, with much speculation echoing Presley's own concerns about his enforced absence doing irreparable damage to his career. However, early in 1958, RCA producer Steve Sholes and Hill and Range "song searcher" Freddy Bienstock had both pushed for recording sessions and strong song material, the aim being to release regular hit singles during Presley's two-year hiatus.Jorgensen, ''Elvis Presley: A life in music'', 107 The hit singles — and six albums — duly followed during that period. In Germany, Presley apparently began taking pills. " sergeant had introduced him to [amphetamines when they were on maneuvers at Grafenwöhr ... it seemed like half the guys in the company were taking them." Friends around Presley also began taking them, "if only to keep up with Elvis, who was practically evangelical about their benefits". Guralnick, ''Careless Love'', 21 The army also introduced Presley to 2007 . As Presley's fame grew, his mother continued to drink excessively and began to gain weight. She had wanted her son to succeed, "but not so that he would be apart from her. The hysteria of the crowd frightened her".Rodriguez, R., (2006). ''The 1950s' Most Wanted: The Top 10 Book of Rock & Roll Rebels, Cold War Crises, and All-American Oddities'', 87 Doctors diagnosed her with Hepatitis . Her condition worsened, and Presley was granted emergency leave in August 1958. Shortly after his return to Fort Hood, his mother died, aged forty-six. Presley was distraught, "crying hysterically" and "grieving almost constantly" for days.Guralnick, ''Careless Love'', 480 Her favorite gospel group, The Blackwood Brothers , performed at her funeral. Girlfriend Judy Spreckels and actor Nick Adams attempted to comfort the singer.In a personal letter of August 25, 1958 to his secretary, Colonel Parker wrote that "Nicky Admas came out to be with Elvis last Week wich [sic was so very kind of him to be there with his friend ... Judy Spreckels also came all the way to Memphis to be with Elvis for the Funeral [,] this was very kind of her also. And I know Elvis did appreciate this so very much." Presley returned to the U.S. on 's acclaimed saxophone solo during the blues standard " Reconsider Baby ". Hollywood years In 1956, following his rise to stardom as a singer, Presley launched a parallel career as a film actor, beginning with the musical western, ''''. Presley was a big movie fan. Interviewed while in the Army, he said on many occasions that "more than anything, he wanted to be taken seriously as a dramatic actor".Guralnick, ''Careless Love'', 50 His manager, with an eye on long-term earnings, negotiated a multi-picture seven-year contract with Hal Wallis .Guralnick, ''Careless Love'', 27 The contract gave Presley a fee for each role and a percentage of any profits. The singer withdrew from concerts and television appearances, except for '''', says that Presley hated such songs and that he "couldn't stop laughing while he was recording" one of them.See Tom Lisanti, ''Fantasy Femmes of 60's Cinema: Interviews with 20 Actresses from Biker, Beach, and Elvis Movies'' (2000), p.19, 136. Critics would later claim that "No major star suffered through more bad movies than Elvis Presley." See Christopher Lyon, The International Dictionary of Film and Filmmakers (1987), p.511. Presley movies were nevertheless popular, and he "became a film genre of his own".Lisanti, ''Fantasy Femmes of 60's Cinema'', 18 Elvis on celluloid was the only chance to see him in the absence of live appearances, especially outside of the U.S. (The only time he ever toured outside of the U.S. was in Canada in 1957). His '' Blue Hawaii '' even "boosted the new state's tourism. Some of his most enduring and popular songs came from those of movies", like " Can't Help Falling In Love ", " Return To Sender " and " Viva Las Vegas ".Hopkins, ''Elvis in Hawaii'', vii His films during the 1960s "had grossed about $130 million, and he had sold a hundred million records, which had made $150 million".Alagna, Magdalena, (2002). ''Elvis Presley'', Rosen Publishing. In 1964, Richard Burton and Peter O'Toole had starred in Hal Wallis' '' Becket ''. To Presley's anger and dismay, Wallis admitted to the press that the financing of such quality productions was only possible by making the commercially successful Presley vehicles. He branded Wallis "a double-dealing sonofabitch" (and he thought little better of Tom Parker), realizing there had never been any intention to let him develop into a serious actor.Guralnick, ''Careless Love'', 171 By 1967, "Colonel" Tom Parker had negotiated a management contract that give him 50% of Presley's earnings. Over the years, much has been written about the suspect nature of Parker's business practices. His dubious origins and gambling addictions in particular — and the subsequent need to keep Presley 'commercial' — may well have adversely affected the course of Presley's career.A general article on Parker can be found at: http://archives.tcm.ie/businesspost/2002/08/18/story343531628.asp. Retrieved noted that "Elvis detested the business side of his career. He would sign a contract without even reading it."Presley, ''Elvis and Me'' Presley's father distrusted the members of the 'Memphis Mafia'; he thought they collectively exercised an unhealthy influence over his son.Humphries, Patrick, ''Elvis The #1 Hits: The Secret History of the Classics'', 79 "Surrounded by {Link without Title} parasitic presence... it was no wonder" that as the singer "slid into addiction and torpor, no one raised the alarm: to them, Elvis was the bank, and it had to remain open."John Harris, "Talking about Graceland". '' The Guardian '', March 27 , 2006 . Author Jerry Eden says that "the guys" didn't like Priscilla Presley. "When Priscilla came on the scene, she made them move out of ''Graceland'', keeping just a couple of them in the house to act as bodyguards."Eden, Jerry, (1999). ''Against the Wind'', 94 Many of Presley's friends in the 'Memphis Mafia' did not like Larry Geller, a hairdresser who appeared on the scene in 1964, after the filming for '' 2007 . Priscilla (née Beaulieu) had stayed with Presley during the 1960s (they had first met in Germany, when she was only fourteen). They married on May 1 , 1967 , in Las Vegas. A daughter, Lisa Marie , was born nine months later. In spite of the formulaic movie songs, Presley did make noteworthy studio recordings, including "'' and '' How Great Thou Art ''. The latter won Presley his first Grammy award. Presley was one of the highest paid actors during the 1960s, but times were changing. " {Link without Title} Elvis Presley film was becoming passé. Young people were tuning in, dropping out and doing acid. Musical acts like The Jefferson Airplane , Grateful Dead , The Doors , Janis Joplin and many others were dominating the airwaves. Elvis Presley was not considered as cool as he once was."Lisanti, ''Fantasy Femmes of 60's Cinema'', 19 Priscilla recalled: "He blamed his fading popularity on his humdrum movies" and "... loathed their stock plots and short shooting schedules." She also noted: "He could have demanded better, more substantial scripts, but he didn't."Presley, ''Elvis and Me'', 188 Following the 1969 production, '' 2007 . 1968 comeback See Also: Elvis Presley's '68 Comeback Special Chart statistics for mid-1968 show that Presley's recording career was floundering — only die-hard fans were buying his soundtrack recordings. He had become deeply dissatisfied with the direction his career had taken, especially a movie schedule that all but eliminated creative recording.Guralnick, ''Careless Love'', 171 This led to an 2007 and to produce a show that was not just an hour of Christmas songs, as Presley's manager had originally planned.Guralnick, ''Careless Love'', 293. Binder also claimed that Presley's black leather outfit needed cleaning between live sessions, not just because he perspired, but because he had ejaculated while performing. '' BBC Radio Two'' show about the "Comeback Special", aired August 14 , 2007 Buoyed by the experience, Presley recorded the albums '' 2007 . Sex Symbol: The women in his life See Also: Relationships of Elvis Presley Many fans and others have acknowledged Presley's sexual attraction and photogenic looks. Steve Binder recalled from 1968: "... when Elvis came back from vacation in Hawaii... he was awesome looking. I mean, I'm heterosexual. I'm straight as an arrow and I got to tell you, you stop, whether you're male or female, to look at him. He was that good looking. And if you never knew he was a superstar, it wouldn't make any difference; if he'd walked in the room, you'd know somebody special was in your presence."http://www.elvis.com.au/presley/interview_steve_binder.shtml. Retrieved July 17 , 2007 . Reference has often been made to Presley's allegedly numerous sexual conquests.Connie Kirchberg and Marc Hendrickx, ''Elvis Presley, Richard Nixon, and the American Dream'' (1999), 62. See also Jim Curtin, ''Elvis: Unknown Stories behind the Legend,'' 119 According to eyewitness Byron Raphael, who worked for Presley's manager, the star even had a secret one-night stand with Marilyn Monroe .This was sensationally reported by many tabloid newspapers in October 2006. See ''New York Post'', October 1 , 2006 ; ''Daily Mail'', October 4 , 2006 . It is unclear whether Presley actually had sex with most of the women he dated. His early girlfriends Judy Spreckels and June Juanico say that they did not. Raphael and Alanna Nash have stated that the star "would never put himself inside one of these girls..."Byron Raphael with Alanna Nash , "In Bed with Elvis", ''Playboy'', November 2005, Vol. 52, Iss. 11, p.64-68, 76, 140. The article claims that "the so-called dangerous rock-and-roll idol was anything but a despotic ruler in the bedroom ... He was far more interested in heavy petting..." Peggy Lipton claims that he was "virtually impotent" with her (She attributed this to his drug misuse).Lipton, Peggy, (2005). ''Breathing Out'', St. Martin's Press, 172. Peggy Lipton further relates that with Presley it "didn't feel like a man next to me — more like a boy who'd never matured." When he tried to make love to her "he just wasn't up to sex. Not that he wasn't built, but with me, at least, he was virtually impotent". Cassandra Peterson (best known as "Elvira") says she knew Presley for only one night, but all they did was talk.Ruthe Stein, '' San Francisco Chronicle '', August 3 , 1997 . Priscilla Presley and biographer Suzanne Finstad also claim that the singer was not overly active sexually. Priscilla Presley , '' Elvis And Me ''. Suzanne Finstad, ''Child Bride''. Other women, like , 1997 . Lori Williams dated him for a while in 1964. She says their "courtship was not some bizarre story. It was very sweet and Elvis was the perfect gentleman". She also claims that Ann-Margret "was the love of his life".Tom Lisanti, ''Drive-In Dream Girls: A Galaxy of B-Movie Starlets of the Sixties'' (2003), 207 A publicity campaign about the romance between Presley and Margret is said to have been launched during the 1963 filming of ''Viva Las Vegas'',See Priscilla Presley, ''Elvis and Me'', 175 which helped to increase Margret's popularity.In his critical study on the "dream machine" (media manipulation to create semi-fictional icons), Joshua Gamson cites a press agent "saying that his client, Ann-Margret, could initially have been "sold ... as anything"; "She was a new product. We felt there was a need in The Industry for a female Elvis Presley." See Joshua Gamson, ''Claims to Fame: Celebrity in Contemporary America'', University of California Press, 1994, 46. See also C. Lee Harrington and Denise D. Bielby, ''Popular Culture: Production and Consumption'', 2000, 273 The vast majority of books on Presley (including both by Guralnick) contain details of his many romances, including those while he was married. With regard to having sex, Guralnick concurs with others: "he wasn't really interested".Guralnick, ''Last Train to Memphis'', 415 Return to live performances In 1969, Presley made record-breaking appearances in Las Vegas . At a press conference after his first opening in Vegas, when a reporter referred to him as "The King", Presley pointed to Fats Domino , standing at the back of the room. "No," he said, "that’s the real king of rock and roll." See Cook, ''Graceland National Historic Landmark Nomination'', 39 He later toured across the U.S. and had a stream of sold-out shows, performing 1,145 concerts between 1969 to 1977, with many setting venue attendance records. He also had hits in the singles charts of many countries. However, Presley's song repertoire was criticized, showing he was still distant from any current trends within pop and rock music."How Big Was The King? Elvis Presley's Legacy, 25 Years After His Death." ''CBS News'', August 7 , 2002 . On December 21 , 1970 , Presley met with President Richard Nixon at the White House (Presley arrived with a handgun, a present for Nixon. It was accepted but could not be taken into the Oval Office for security reasons). Peter Guralnick details how Presley engineered the encounter, a somewhat bizarre attempt to express his patriotism, his contempt for the Hippie Drug Culture and his wish to be appointed a "Federal Agent at Large". His priority was apparently to obtain a Bureau Of Narcotics And Dangerous Drugs badge, to add to other law enforcement badges and guns he had begun collecting. He offered to "infiltrate hippie groups" and claimed that The Beatles "had come to this country, made their money, then gone back to England where they fomented anti-American feeling". Guralnick, ''Careless Love'', 420 Nixon was uncertain and bemused by the whole episode, twice expressing concern during their conversation that Presley needed to "retain his credibility".Guralnick, ''Careless Love'', 420, in passim. , New York. After the tour, Presley released the 1972 single " Burning Love " — his last top ten hit in the U.S. pop charts. In 1973, Presley had two January shows in Hawaii. The second was broadcast live around the world. The " Aloha From Hawaii " concert was the first to be broadcast via satellite and reached at least a billion viewers. The show's album went to number one and spent a year in the charts. Off stage, Presley and his wife Priscilla had continuing marriage difficultiesdocumented in '', 1972 , agreeing to share custody of their daughter. Divorcing in 1973, Presley became increasingly isolated and overweight, with prescription drugs — apparently prescribed with little question — taking their toll on his health, mood and his stage act.In 1973, he overdosed twice on , attended by over 62,000 fans. As time progressed, Presley became even more obese — he would diet excessively and then binge eat. " no longer had the motivation to lose his extra poundage... he became self-conscious of his appearance, his self-confidence before the audience declined. Headlines such as 'Elvis Battles Middle Age' and 'Time Makes Listless Machine of Elvis' were not uncommon."Roy, ''Elvis: Prophet of Power'', 70. According to Professor Marjorie Garber, when Presley made his later appearances in Las Vegas, he appeared "heavier, in pancake makeup, wearing a white jumpsuit with an elaborate jeweled belt and cape, crooning pop songs to a microphone ... [He had become Liberace . Even his fans were now middle-aged matrons and blue-haired grandmothers, who praised him as a good son who loved his mother; Mother's Day became a special holiday for Elvis's fans."See Garber, ''Vested Interests: Cross-Dressing & Cultural Anxiety'' (1992), 380 Almost throughout the 1970s, RCA had been increasingly concerned about making money from Elvis Presley material: they often had to rely on live recordings because of problems getting him to attend studio sessions. RCA's mobile studio was occasionally dispatched to "Graceland" in the hope of capturing an inspired vocal performance. Once in a studio, his interest was sometimes lacking and he was easily distracted. Much of this behavior has been linked to the enduring problems of his health and pill taking.Guralnick, ''Careless Love'', In passim Final year Presley's decline continued. A journalist recalled: "Elvis Presley had become a grotesque caricature of his sleek, energetic former self... he was barely able to pull himself through his abbreviated concerts."Scherman, T. "Elvis Dies". ''American Heritage'', August 16 , 2006 . In Alexandria, Louisiana , a journalist complained that the singer was on stage for less than an hour and "was impossible to understand".Guralnick 1999, pp. 628 In Baton Rouge , Presley did not go on stage at all. He was unable to get out of his hotel bed, and the rest of the tour was cancelled. According to Guralnick, fans "were becoming increasingly voluble about their disappointment, but it all seemed to go right past Elvis, whose world was now confined almost entirely to his room and his {Link without Title} books". In Knoxville, Tennessee ( May 20 ), "there was no longer any pretense of keeping up appearances... The idea was simply to get Elvis out onstage and keep him upright for the hour he was scheduled to perform".Guralnick 1999, pp. 634 Thereafter, Presley struggled through every show. Despite his obvious problems, appearances in Omaha, Nebraska and Rapid City, South Dakota were recorded for an upcoming album and a CBS-TV special: ''Elvis In Concert''.Guralnick 1999, pp. 637-8 Rick Stanley (a step-brother) recalls that Presley was almost bedridden during his last year. "We'd fly into a city and he'd go right into bed as soon as we got there. We'd have to get him up to do the show." In Rapid City, "he was so nervous on stage that he could hardly talk... He was undoubtedly painfully aware of how he looked, and he knew that in his condition, he could not perform any significant movement. He looked, moved, and gestured like an overweight old man with crippling arthritis".Roy, pp. 71 A cousin, Billy Smith, recalled how Presley would sit in his room and chat, recounting things like his favourite Monty Python sketches and past japes, but "mostly there was a grim obsessiveness... a paranoia about people, germs... future events, that put Billy in mind on more than one occasion of Howard Hughes ".Guralnick 1999, pp. 642 A book was published — the first exposé to detail Presley's years of drug misuse.Dunleavy, S., (1977). ''Elvis: What Happened'' (with 2007 . The singer "was devastated by the book. Here were his close friends who had written serious stuff that would affect his life. He felt betrayed". David Stanley interview, Elvis Information Network (EIN). Presley's final performance was in Indianapolis at the Market Square Arena , on June 26 , 1977 . Another tour was scheduled to begin on August 17 , 1977 . However, at "Graceland" the day before, Presley was found on the floor of his bathroom by his fiancée, Ginger Alden . According to the medical investigator, Presley had "stumbled or crawled several feet before he died".Guralnick 1999, pp. 651. Presley had apparently been on the toilet before he stumbled and then vomited. He was officially pronounced dead at 3:30 p.m. at the Baptist Memorial Hospital. His funeral was a national media event. Culture Shock: Flashpoints: Music and Dance: Elvis Presley Hundreds of thousands of fans, the press and celebrities lined the streets hoping to see the open casket in "Graceland" or to witness the funeral. Amongst the mourners were Ann-Margret (who had remained close to Presley) and his ex-wife.Marty Lacker was apparently not pleased when Tom Parker turned up at Presley's funeral wearing shorts and a Hawaiian shirt. "All he did was stand outside and lean up against a car and smoke a cigar and look at all the people going in." (Rose Clayton and Dick Heard, ''Elvis: By Those Who Knew Him Best'', 2003, Virgin Publishing Limited, pp. 394) , 2006 . Presley was buried at Forest Hill Cemetery, Memphis, next to his mother. After an attempt to steal the body, his — and his mother's — remains were reburied at "Graceland" in the Meditation Gardens. Post mortem Towards the end of his life, Presley had many health problems, some of them chronic. "Elvis had had an enlarged heart for a long time. That, together with his drug habit, caused his death. But he was difficult to diagnose; it was a judgment call."Baden, M. M. and Hennessee, J. A., (1992). ''Unnatural Death: Confessions of a Medical Examiner'', 35 Presley first took drugs in the army, taking amphetamines to stay awake on late shifts, though there are claims that pills of some form were first given to him by Memphis DJ 2007 . According to Guralnick: " {Link without Title} rug use was heavily implicated in this unanticipated death of a middle-aged man with no known history of heart disease...no one ruled out the possibility of Anaphylactic Shock brought on by the Codeine pills...to which he was known to have had a mild allergy...There was little disagreement in fact between the two principal laboratory reports and analyses filed two months later, with each stating a strong belief that the primary cause of death was Polypharmacy , and the BioScience Laboratories report...indicating the detection of fourteen drugs in Elvis' system, ten in significant quantity."Guralnick, ''Careless Love'', 652 The judgement of some in the medical profession has also been seriously questioned. At a press conference, Medical Examiner Dr. Jerry Francisco had offered a cause of death while the autopsy was still being performed and before getting results from the toxicology lab. Dr. Francisco had claimed that "cardiac arrhythmia" was the cause of death, when that is a condition that can only be determined in a living person and not from an autopsy. http://www.crimelibrary.com/criminal_mind/forensics/cyril_wecht/4.html. Retrieved 2007 . In 1994, the autopsy into the death of Presley was re-opened. Coroner Dr Joseph Davis declared: "There is nothing in any of the data that supports a death from drugs. In fact, everything points to a sudden, violent heart attack."http://observer.guardian.co.uk/magazine/story/0,11913,772041,00.html. Retrieved 2007 . LEGACY Author Samuel Roy has written: "Elvis' death did occur at a time when it could only help his reputation. Just before his death, Elvis had been forgotten by society."Roy, ''Prophet of Power, 173 Biographer Ernst Jorgensen has observed that when Presley died, it was as if all perspective on his musical career had been lost.Jorgensen, ''Elvis: A Life in Music'', 4 His latter-day song choices had been seen as poor and indulgent; many who disliked Presley had long been dismissive because he did not write his own songs. Others complained — incorrectly — that he could not really play any musical instrument.Such criticsm of Presley continues. See: http://archives.cnn.com/2002/SHOWBIZ/Music/08/08/ew.hot.elvis/index.html. Retrieved 2007 . David S. Wall has argued that many Presley authors are part of a "worldwide Elvis industry" which tends to be biased. He contends that few publications are critical. One such book is Albert Goldman's controversial biography (1981), in which the author unfavorably discusses the star's weight problems, his stage costumes and his sex life. Such books are frequently disparaged and harshly attacked by Elvis fan groups. Professor Wall claims that one of the strategies of fan clubs and appreciation societies is "'community policing' to achieve governance at a distance... These organisations have, through their membership magazines, activities and sales operations, created a powerful moral majority" endeavoring to suppress most critical voices. "With a combined membership of millions, the fans form a formidable constituency of consumer power." See David S. Wall, "Policing Elvis: legal action and the shaping of post-mortem celebrity culture as contested space", http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/law/elj/eslj/issues/volume2/number3/wall.pdf Any wish to understand Elvis Presley — his genuine abilities and his real influence — "seemed almost totally obscured".Jorgensen, ''Elvis: A Life in Music'', 4 However, in the late 1960s, composer and conductor Leonard Bernstein had remarked: "Elvis is the greatest cultural force in the twentieth century. He introduced the beat to everything, music, language, clothes, it's a whole new social revolution... the 60's comes from it."http://quotations.about.com/od/stillmorefamouspeople/a/elvispresley4.htm It has also been claimed that his early music and live performances helped to lay a commercial foundation which allowed other established performers of the 1950s to be recognised. .See: Bertrand, Michael T., (2000). ''Race, Rock, and Elvis'', University of Illinois Press. Presley's recorded voice is seen by many as his enduring legacy (His death triggered a huge boost in his record sales, as well as other merchandise — some of it of dubious quality and taste). In ''The Great American Popular Singers'' (1974), Henry Pleasants wrote: "Elvis Presley has been described variously as a baritone and a tenor. An extraordinary compass... and a very wide range of vocal color have something to do with this divergence of opinion. The voice covers two octaves and a third... Moreover, he has not been confined to one type of vocal production. In ballads and country songs he belts out full-voiced high G's and A's that an opera baritone might envy. He is a naturally assimilative stylist with a multiplicity of voices — in fact, Elvis' is an extraordinary voice, or many voices."http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Elvis_Presley. Other analyses of Presley's voice credit him with a three octave range. See Cook, ''Graceland National Historic Landmark Nomination'' Gospel tenor Shawn Nielsen, who backed Presley, said: "He could sing anything. I've never seen such versatility... He had such great soul. He had the ability to make everyone in the audience think that he was singing directly to them. He just had a way with communication that was totally unique."http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Elvis_Presley Bob Dylan remarked: "When I first heard Elvis' voice I just knew that I wasn't going to work for anybody; and nobody was going to be my boss... Hearing him for the first time was like busting out of jail."http://quotations.about.com/od/stillmorefamouspeople/a/elvispresley4.htm Many other celebrated performers of pop and rock music have acknowledged how much the young Presley had inspired them. and all the others only followed in his footsteps." Cher recalled: "The first concert I attended was an Elvis concert when I was eleven. Even at that age he made me realize the tremendous effect a performer could have on an audience." http://quotations.about.com/od/stillmorefamouspeople/a/elvispresley4.htm By 1958, singers obviously adopting Presley's style, like 3 and Bobby Solo were also heavily influenced by Presley. The singer continues to be imitated — and parodied — outside the main music industry. Presley songs remain very popular on the Karaoke circuit, and many from a diversity of cultures and backgrounds work as Elvis Impersonator s ("the raw 1950s Elvis and the kitschy 1970s Elvis are the favorites."Stecopoulos, H. and Uebel, M., (1997). ''Race and the Subject of Masculinities'', Duke University Press, 198) Presley's informal jamming in front of a small audience in the 207 . In 2002, '' The New York Times '' observed: "For those too young to have experienced Elvis Presley in his prime, today’s celebration of the 25th anniversary of his death must seem peculiar. All the talentless impersonators and appalling black velvet paintings on display can make him seem little more than a perverse and distant memory. But before Elvis was camp, he was its opposite: a genuine cultural force... Elvis’s breakthroughs are underappreciated because in this rock-and-roll age, his hard-rocking music and sultry style have triumphed so completely." "Long Live the King", ''The New York Times'', August 16 , 2002 . AWARDS AND RECOGNITION In 1971, Presley was named 'One of the Ten Outstanding Young Men of the Nation' by the U.S. Junior Chamber of Commerce (The Jaycees). That summer, the City of Memphis changed the name of the section of Highway 51 South in front of "Graceland" to Elvis Presley Boulevard, and he won the Lifetime Achievement Award from the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences (the organization that presents Grammy awards). Presley won three Grammy awards, all for gospel performances. He had fourteen nominations during his career. He is the only performer to have been inducted into four music 'Halls of Fame': the Rock And Roll Hall Of Fame (1986), the Rockabilly Hall Of Fame (1997), the Country Music Hall Of Fame (1998), and the Gospel Music Hall Of Fame (2001). In 1984, he received the W. C. Handy Award from the Blues Foundation and the Academy Of Country Music ’s first Golden Hat Award. In 1987, he received the American Music Awards ’ first posthumous presentation of the Award of Merit.Cook, ''Graceland National Historic Landmark Nomination'', 33 VH1 ranked Presley #8 on its ''100 Greatest Artists in Rock and Roll'' in 1998 while CMT ranked him #15 on ''CMT's 40 Greatest Men in Country Music''. Presley is one of only three artists to make both VH1's and CMT's lists, the others being Johnny Cash and The Eagles . In 1993, Presley's image appeared on a United States Postage Stamp . In a 2006 survey for the USPS , the Elvis stamp was the most popular. In 1994, the 40th anniversary of Presley's "That's All Right" was recognized with its re-release, which made the charts around the world, making top three in the UK. Interest in Presley's recordings continued with the . In the UK charts in January 2005, three re-issued singles again went to number one ("Jailhouse Rock", "One Night"/"I Got Stung" and "It's Now or Never"). Throughout the year, twenty singles were re-issued — all making the top five.see Elvis Presley Hit Singles . See Notes about how music charts may be being influenced by the lobbying power of Presley fans. In the same year, ''Forbes'' magazine named Presley, for the fifth straight year, the top-earning deceased celebrity, grossing US$45 million for the Presley estate during the preceding year. Investor CKX paid $100 million for an 85% interest in Presley's income in February 2005 (In mid-2006, the top place was taken by Nirvana's Kurt Cobain). Graceland was designated as a 2007 . Presley has featured prominently in a variety of polls and surveys designed to measure popularity and influence. "Sinatra is voice of the century" ''BBC NEWS'', April 18 , 2001 . Retrieved October 22 2006 : http://dsc.discovery.com/convergence/greatestamerican/greatestamerican.html; http://www.variety.com/index.asp?layout=variety100; http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200612/influentials; 5 In March 2007, as part of ''. Retrieved April 27 2007 . DISCOGRAPHY U.S. Number One Hits Other Presley standards associated with his image and career include: " Blue Suede Shoes " (#20 in 1956), " Wear My Ring Around Your Neck " (#2 in 1958), " One Night " (#4 in 1958), "(Now and Then There's) A Fool Such As I " (#2 in 1959), "(Marie's the Name of) His Latest Flame " (#4 in 1961), " Can't Help Falling In Love " (#2 in 1961), " Return To Sender " {#2 in 1962), " You're The Devil In Disguise " (#3 in 1963}, " Crying In The Chapel " (#3 in 1965), " In The Ghetto " (#3 in 1969), " Don't Cry, Daddy " (#6 in 1969), " Kentucky Rain " (#16 in 1969), " The Wonder Of You " (#9 in 1970), " You Don't Have To Say You Love Me " {#11 in 1970), " Burning Love " (#2 in 1972), " Promised Land " (#14 in 1974), and " Way Down " (#18 in 1977). FILMOGRAPHY See Also: Elvis Presley filmography SEE ALSO
NOTES REFERENCES
FURTHER READING
EXTERNAL LINKS Elvis Presley sites
Song lyrics Elvis movies
Interviews
Various sites
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