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| CATEGORIES ABOUT EADWEARD MUYBRIDGE | |
| american photographers | |
| english photographers | |
| pioneers of photography | |
| english americans | |
| cinematographers | |
| 1830 births | |
| 1904 deaths | |
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Eadweard Muybridge ( April 9 , 1830 – May 8 , 1904 ) was an English -born Photographer , known primarily for his early use of multiple Camera s to capture Motion , and his Zoopraxiscope , a device for projecting Motion Pictures that pre-dated Celluloid film strip still used today. EARLY LIFE AND CAREER Muybridge was born Edward James Muggeridge at Kingston Upon Thames , England . He is believed to have changed his first name to match that of King Eadweard as shown on the plinth of the Kingston coronation stone, which was re-erected in Kingston in 1850. Although he didn't change his first name until the 1870s, he changed his surname to Muygridge early in his San Francisco career and then changed it again to Muybridge at the launch of his photographic career or during the missing years between. In 1855 Muybridge arrived in San Francisco , starting his career as a publisher's agent and bookseller. He left San Francisco at the end of that decade, and after a stagecoach accident in which he received severe head injuries disappeared for a few years. He reappeared in 1866 as a photographer named Muybridge and rapidly became successful in the profession, focusing almost entirely on landscape and architectural subjects. (He is not known to have ever made a photographic portrait, though group shots by him survive.) His photographs were sold by various photographic entrepreneurs on Montgomery Street, San Francisco's main commercial street, during those years. PHOTOGRAPHING THE WEST Muybridge began to build his reputation in 1867 with photos of Yosemite and San Francisco (many of the Yosemite photographs reproduced the same scenes taken by Watkins). Muybridge quickly became famous for his landscape photographs, which showed the grandeur and expansiveness of the West. The images were published under the pseudonym “Helios.” In the summer of 1868 Muybridge was commissioned to photograph one of the U.S. Army's expeditions into the recently territorialized Alaska Purchase . galloping - set to motion using photos by Eadweard Muybridge]] In 1871 the California Geological Survey invited Muybridge to photograph for the High Sierra survey. That same year he married Flora Stone. He then spent several years traveling as a successful photographer. By 1873 the Central Pacific Railroad had advanced into Indian Territory and the United States Army hired Muybridge to photograph the ensuing Modoc Wars . STANFORD AND THE TROT QUESTION To prove Stanford's claim, Muybridge developed a scheme for instantaneous motion picture capture. Muybridge's Technology involved chemical formulas for Photographic Processing and an electrical trigger created by Stanford's Electrical Engineer , John D. Isaacs. In 1877, Muybridge settled Stanford's question with a single photographic negative showing Stanford's racehorse ''Occident'' airborne during trot. This negative has not survived, although woodcuts made of it did. By 1878, spurred on by Stanford to expand the experiment, Muybridge had successfully photographed a horse in fast motion using a series of twenty-four cameras. The cameras were arranged along a track parallel to the horse's, and each of the camera shutters was controlled by a trip wire which was triggered by the horse's hooves. This series of photos, taken at what is now Stanford University , is called ''The Horse in Motion'', and shows that the hooves all leave the ground — although not with the legs fully extended forward and back, as contemporary illustrators tended to imagine, but rather at the moment when all the hooves are tucked ''under'' the horse, as it switches from "pulling" from the front legs to "pushing" from the back legs. MURDER ACQUITTAL |
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