() is the fourth-largest City in Scotland . It is on the north bank of the River Tay's estuary and is near the east coast and the North Sea .
Dundee's history begins with the Picts in the Iron Age . During the medieval period, it was the site of many battles. Throughout the Industrial Revolution , the local Jute industry caused the city to grow rapidly. In this period, Dundee also gained a reputation for its marmalade industry and its journalism, giving Dundee its epithet as the city of "jute, jam and journalism".
Dundee's population is 143,090. However, if contiguous settlements - such as Monifieth , Birkhill , and Invergowrie - are counted, the number is around 170,000. Dundee's population reached a peak of nearly 200,000 at the start of the 1970s. It has since declined, due to outward migration and the council boundary changes of the 1970s and 1980s, which saw Dundee lose suburbs to the surrounding counties.
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