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Division (biology)




In Biology , the equivalent of a Phylum in the Plant or the Fungal Kingdom is called a division.

The main plant divisions, in the order in which they probably evolved, are the Liverworts (Division Marchantiophyta), the Hornwort s (Division Anthocerophyta), the Moss es (Division Bryophyta), the Fern s (Division Filicophyta), the Horsetail s (Division Sphenophyta), the Cycad s (Division Cycadophyta), the Ginkgo (Division Ginkgophyta), the Conifers (Division Pinophyta), the Gnetophytes (Division Gnetophyta), and the Angiosperm s (Division Magnoliophyta). Angiosperms are the Flower ing plants that now dominate the plant world (80% of all Vascular plants are angiosperms).

In Zoology , the term ''division'' is applied to an optional rank subordinate to the Infraclass and superordinate to the Cohort . A widely used classification (e.g. Carroll 1988) recognises Teleost fishes as a Division Teleostei within Class Actinopterygii (the ray-finned fishes). Less commonly (as in Milner 1988), living Tetrapods are ranked as Divisions Amphibia and Amniota within the Clade of vertebrates with fleshy limbs ( Sarcopterygii ).


REFERENCES

  • Carroll, Robert L. 1988. ''Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution''. New York: W.H. Freeman & Co. ISBN 0-716-7-1822-7.

  • Milner, Andrew. 1988. "The relationships and origin of living amphibians." In M.J. Benton (ed.), ''The Phylogeny and Classification of the Tetrapods, Volume 1: Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds'', pp. 59-102. Oxford: Clarendon Press.