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Information About

Dinka Language





Language Information

  name Dinka
  pronunciation /t̪uɔŋdʒæŋ/
  states southern Sudan and neighboring areas
  region Western Africa
  speakers 2-3 million
  iso2 din
  iso3 din
  lc1 dip
  ld1 Northeastern Dinka (Padang)
  ll1 none
  lc2 diw
  ld2 Northwestern Dinka (Ruweng)
  ll2 none
  lc3 dib
  ld3 South Central Dinka (Agar)
  ll3 none
  lc4 dks
  ld4 Southeastern Dinka (Bor)
  ll4 none
  lc5 dik
  ld5 Southwestern Dinka (Rek)
  ll5 none
  familycolor Nilo-Saharan
  fam1 Eastern Sudanic
  fam2 Western Nilotic
  fam3 Dinka-Nuer Languages
  script Latin Alphabet
  nation none
  agency none


The Dinka language, or '''' as it is known in the language itself, is a Nilo-Saharan Language spoken by the Dinka , one of the largest and most powerful ethnic groups in Southern Sudan . With 2-3 million speakers, it exists in five major dialect divisions. ''Jaang'' is also used as a general term to cover all Dinka languages. The dialect of the Rek of Tonj is considered the "standard" or prestige variety.

It is further classified as part of the Dinka- Nuer subfamily, which is part of Western Nilotic, which in turn is part of Eastern Sudanic, the Nilo-Saharan subfamily with the largest number of member languages (95). Most closely related is Nuer , the language of the Dinka's traditional rivals. Other major languages closely related within Western Nilotic are Shilluk , Luo/Dholuo and Acholi . (SIL ''Ethnologue'', 2005 data)

"Nilotic" indicates that its speakers are found mainly along the Nile , specifically the west bank of the White Nile , a major tributary flowing northwards from Uganda. The Dinka live north and south of the marshy Sudd area in southwestern and south central Sudan in three provinces: Bahr el Ghazal, Upper Nile, and Southern Kordofan. (See the Gurtong Peace Trust's Dinka ethnic distribution map .)


LINGUISTIC FEATURES

See Also: Dinka alphabet




Phonology

Dinka has a rich vowel system, with 13 phonemically contrastive vowels. The underdots (<>) indicate "breathy" vowels. (represented in Dinka orthography by diaereses <¨>):

There are 20 consonant phonemes:


Morphology

This language practices vowel Ablaut or Apophony , the change of internal vowels (compare English ''goose/geese''):

: (Bauer 2003:35)


TONES

Dinka is a Tonal Language .


DIALECTS OF DINKA

Linguists divide Dinka into five main dialects corresponding to their geographic location with respect to each other:

  • Northeastern (Padang) (Dialects: Abiliang, Dongjol, Luac, Ngok-Sobat, Ageer, Rut, Thoi)

  • Northwestern (Ruweng) (Dialects: Alor, Ngok-Kordofan, Pan Aru, Pawany)

  • South Central (Agar) (Dialects: Aliap, Ciec, Gok, Agar)

  • Southeastern (Bor) (Dialects: Bor (Athoc,Gok), Nyarweng, Tuic)

  • Southwestern (Rek) (Dialects: Rek, Abiem, Aguok, Apuk, Awan, Lau, Luac/Luanyang, Malual, Paliet, Palioupiny, Tuic)


(See Ethnologue online map of Sudan for locations of dialects

EXTERNAL LINKS



OTHER RESOURCES

  • Beltrame, G. (1870). ''Grammatica della lingua denka''. Firenze: G. Civelli.

  • Malou, Job. ''Dinka Vowel System''. Summer Institute of Linguistics and the University of Texas at Arlington Publications in Linguistics. ISBN 0-88312-008-9.

  • Mitterrutzner, J. C. (1866). ''Die Dinka-Sprache in Central-Afrika; Kurze Grammatik, Text und Worterbuch''. Brixen: A. Weger.

  • Nebel, A. (1979). ''Dinka-English, English-Dinka dictionary''. 2nd. ed. Editrice Missionaria Italiana, Bologna.

  • Nebel, A. (1948). ''Dinka Grammar (Rek-Malual dialect) with texts and vocabulary''. Instituto Missioni Africane, Verona.

  • Trudinger. R. (1942-44). ''English-Dinka Dictionary''. Sudan Interior Mission

  • Tuttle. ''Milet Picture Dictionary English-Dinka''. (at WorldLanguage.com)



SEE ALSO