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India has a population of approximately 1.136 billion people (estimate for September 1, 2007 based on interpolating on estimates by Census Bureau of India for March 1 of 2007 and 2008), comprising approximately one-sixth of the world's population. This population is remarkably diverse; it has more than two thousand Ethnic Group s, and every major Religion is represented, as are four major Families of Languages ( Indo-European , Dravidian , Austro-Asiatic and Tibeto-Burman Languages ) as well as two Language Isolate s ( Nihali spoken areas of Maharashtra , and the Dardic languages, spoken by the Dardic People of the Kashmir Valley). Further complexity is lent by the great variation that occurs across this population on social parameters such as income and education. Only the continent of Africa exceeds the linguistic, cultural and genetic diversity of India. India, a Country Study ''United States Library of Congress, Note on Ethnic groups'' These factors render the task of comprehensively detailing the Demographics of India prohibitive; some important indices are available, nevertheless. SALIENT FEATURES Although India occupies only 2.4% of the world's land area, it supports over 16% of the world's population. 31.8% of Indians are younger than 15 years of age.https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/in.html#People As per the 2001 census, 72.22% of the people live in more than 550,000 villages, and the remainder in more than 2000 towns and cities.http://www.censusindia.net/results/rudist.html Although 77.5% of the people are population in the world 16.4% in after Indonesia. India also contains the majority of the world's Zoroastrians , Sikhs and Jains . Other religious groups include Christians (2.3%), Buddhists (1.05%), Jews and Bahá'í s.http://www.censusindia.net/religiondata/ CENSUS The most recent in the 1981 and Jammu & Kashmir in 1991). Eight censuses were performed under the British Raj , the first one was carried out throughout the 1860s and completed in 1872 . After this, there has been '''one census every decade'' starting 1881'. The 2001 census was conducted in two phases, the first being Housenumbering and Houselisting operations, carried out in May 2000, and the second being population enumeration, carried out from February 9 to 28, 2001. The reference time for the census is 1 March, 2001. The homeless population was enumerated on 28 February. A revisional round was undertaken 1 to 5 March 2001 to account for mutations between the time of visit in February and 1 March. The total population calculated for 1 March 2001 was 1,027,015,247, making the 2001 census the first to count more than a billion Indians.http://www.censusindia.net/results/resultsmain.html The population had risen by 21.34% compared to the 1991 total. The female population had increased by 0.3 percentage points to 48.4%.http://www.censusindia.net/results/ See list of States Of India By Urban Population . Maharashtra has the largest urban agglomeration while Delhi is the most urbanised market at over 93% urbanization. KEY DATA Total Population: 1,129.9 million(July 1, 2007 est. CIA) CIA World Factbook - ''India'' 1,028.7 million(2001 Census final figures, March 1 enumeration and estimated 124 thousand in areas of Manipur that could not be covered in the enumeration) Rural Population: 72.2%, male: 381,668,992, female: 360,948,755 (2001 Census) ''Table 1: Population History'' ''Table 2: Population Projections (in millions)'' Source: Based on P.N. Mari Bhat, "Indian Demographic Scenarion 2025", Institute of Economic Growth, New Delhi, Discussion Paper No. 27/2001. Urban Population: ''Age structure:'' ''0–14 years:'' 30.8%, male: 188,208,196, female: 171,356,024 ''15–64 years:'' 64.3%, male: 27,258,259, female: 30,031,289 (2007 est.) The average age of Indians is 24.8 years. Population growth rate: 1.606%% (2007 est.) Birth rate: 22.69 births/1,000 population (2007 est.) Death rate: 6.58 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.) Literacy rate: 79,9% (2007 est.)http://www.censusindia.net/results/provindia3.html Percent of the population under the poverty line: 22% (2006 est.) Unemployment Rate: 7.8% Net migration rate: − 0.05 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.) Sex ratio: ''at birth:'' 1.12 male(s)/female ''under 15 years:'' 1.098 male(s)/female ''15–64 years:'' 1.061 male(s)/female ''65 years and over:'' 0.908 male(s)/female ''total population:'' 1.064 male(s)/female (2006 est.) Infant mortality rate: total: 34.61 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.) female: 29.23 deaths/1,000 live births male: 39.42 deaths/1,000 live births Life Expectancy at birth: ''total population:'' 68.59 years ''male:'' 66.28 years ''female:'' 71.17 years (2007 est.) Total fertility rate: 2.81 children born/woman (2007 est.) The TFR (Total number of children born per women ) according to Religion in 2001 was : Hindus - 2.27, Muslims - 3.06, Sikhs - 1.86, Christians - 2.06, Buddhists - 2.29, Jains - 1.50 , Animists and Others - 2.99, Tribals - 3.16, Scheduled Castes - 2.89.http://www.censusindia.net/results/fseries_tables/data_highlights_F9_F10.pdf Nationality: ''noun:'' Indian(s) ''adjective:'' Indian Religions: Hindu 80.5%, Muslim 13.1%, Christian 2.31%, Buddhists 1.05%, Sikh 1.93%, Jains 0.41%, others or not stated 0.76% (2001 Census) Scheduled Castes and Tribes: Scheduled Castes: 16.2% (2001 Census) Scheduled Tribes: 8.2% (2001 Census) Languages: See Languages Of India and List Of Indian Languages By Total Speakers . There are 216 languages with more than 10,000 native speakers in India. The largest of these by far is Hindi with some 337 million (the second largest being Bengali with some 207 million). 22 languages are recognized as " Official Languages ". In India, there are 1,652 languages and Dialect s in total. Mother Tongues of India According to the 1961 Census Rupert Goodwins. Smashing India's language barriers . ZDNet UK. RELIGIOUS BREAKDOWN See Also: Religion in India Censuses were conducted in parts of India in the ancient times with examples such as Kautilya 's '' Arthashastra '' which describes the collection of population statistics for taxation in 4th century B.C.. The British census in 1865 - 1872 was the first conducted in modern times in India. The 2001 census figures released by the India Census Commission give a breakdown by various parameters including religion. # All figures in %. # Tribal Animists (and non religious) are grouped under Others after 1926 (1931 census onwards)
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