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The demographics of Hungary are as follows.

HISTORICAL


900-1910


Note: The data refer to the territory of the Kingdom Of Hungary , not of present-day Hungary.


1920 – today



PRESENT


Census 2001 recognised along with Hungarians 16 ethnic groups. Ethnic structure according to 2001 census: {Link without Title}


According to census data, the largest religion in Hungary is minority (16% of the population) and smaller Lutheran (3%), and Jewish (0.1%) minorities. However, these census figures are representative of religious affiliation rather than practice; fewer than 12% of Hungarians attend religious services at least once a week and fewer than 50% at least once a year, while 30% of Hungarians do not believe in God. {Link without Title}

For historical reasons, significant Hungarian minority populations can be found in the surrounding countries, notably in Ukraine (in Transcarpathia ), Slovakia , Romania (in Transylvania ), and Serbia (in Vojvodina ). Austria (in Burgenland ), Croatia , and Slovenia are also host to a number of ethnic Magyars.

The Roma minority

The real number of , 50,000 Roma were killed in Hungary. Since then, the size of the Roma population has increased rapidly. Today every fifth or sixth newborn Hungarian child belongs to the Roma minority. Based on current demographic trends, a 2006 estimate by Central European Managment Intelligence claims that the proportion of the roma population will double by 2050.[http://index.hu/gazdasag/magyar/roma060508 "A CEMI kalkulációja szerint a romák száma a mai 700 ezerről 2050-re 1,2 millióra nőhet. Ezen idő alatt a nem roma népesség száma 9,5 millióról 7,6 millióra csökken. Így a romák mai mintegy 7 százalékos aránya megduplázódhat és elérheti a 14-15 százalékot."

This } does not cite its ''' Wikipedia by introducing appropriate citations.


There are problems related to the Roma minority in Hungary, and the very subject is a heated and disputed topic.

Objective problems:
  • Education/bad chances for work: slightly more than 80% of Roma children complete Primary Education , but only one third continue studies into the intermediate (secondary) level. This is far lower than the more than 90% proportion of children of non-Roma families who continue studies at an intermediate level. Less than 1% of Roma hold higher educational certificates.

  • Poverty: most of the Roma people live in significantly worse conditions than others.

  • Bad health conditions: life expectancy is about 10 years less compared to non-Romas

  • Lack of debate regarding the subject: academic researchers and members of the mainstream press disregard any critics and study the subject in the canonical viewpoint. Critics don't have the funds necessary to perform alternative studies.


Please note that this list below consists disputed issues.
  • Natural repugnance: there are differences is the social behavior of the host nation and the Roma people leading to a disinclination towards each other. This is slowly decaying on the Hungarian side (36-38% {Link without Title} 'Az 1993-1995 közötti három évet jellemző 40-42 százalékos szintről a 2001-2003 közötti három éves időszakban 36-38 százalékra csökkent azok aránya, kik magikra nézve igaznak tartották azt a kijelentést, hogy "idegenkedem a cigányoktól"' (sic).); as of 2007, there is no research made regarding the Roma side.

  • Integration problems on the host side: there's a significant prejudice towards Roma people in Hungary affecting the motivation for integration. Exact numbers are unknown as the research material available mixes prejudice with "post-judice".

  • Integration problems on the Roma side: some Roma people have apparent trouble adjusting to the European standards of social behavior regarding loud-mouthing, littering and being non-violent, law-abiding and working citizens. As of 2007, there is no research available on this issue.

  • Problems with motivation for work: as of 2007, what can be earned with work can be obtained having many childrenMinimal monthly wage: 65,500 HUF ("2007.01.01-jétől 65.500,-Ft"), monthly family allowance for a family of 5: 74,500 HUF [http://csaladinet.hu/kisokos/gyed-gyes/csaladi_potlek_havi_ellatas/ ("3 és több gyermekes család 14.900/hó/gyermek")., which does not move Roma people towards work as they usually have more children anyway.

  • Crime: "gipsy crime" ("cigánybűnözés" in Hungarian) is a phenomenon well disputed and often misunderstood. Although originally it refers to some crimes (eg. stealing of items made of copper, lynch, some robbery types, scuffle between families) often committed by Roma offenders, critics say it stigmatizes all Roma people. As a result (as of 2007), Hungarian authorities don't collect any data that could be used to study the issue, therefore no research is available regarding this topic. It's believed that there is a pattern in the crimes committed by Roma criminals and that the ratio of Roma inmates are much higher compared to non-Romas, a phenomenon common in other countries too [http://www.rikosseuraamus.fi/uploads/9tydvr.pdf (Finnish only).

  • School segregation: likely due to repugnance, non-Roma people tend to choose schools with less problematic Roma children. It's also believed that there were cases where healthy Roma children were assigned to classes for pupils with Learning Disabilities (although this might have been a financial issue).



DATA

Population :
10,198,315 (2001)

Age structure:

''0-14 years:''
17% (male 878,661; female 834,607)

''15-64 years:''
68% (male 3,407,368; female 3,535,818)

''65 years and over:''
15% (male 548,672; female 933,718) (2000 est.)

Population growth rate:
-0.25% (2006 est.)Population decline is abating. Some interesting figures in 2000: population growth rate was -0.33%; there were 9.62 births/1,000 population (death rate: 13.34 deaths/1000 population); fertility rate - 1.25 children born/woman. Life expectancy increased by approximately 1.3 years under the same time.

Birth Rate :
9.72 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Death rate:
13.11 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Net Migration rate:
0.83 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Sex ratio:

''at birth:''
1.05 male(s)/female

''under 15 years:''
1.05 male(s)/female

''15-64 years:''
0.96 male(s)/female

''65 years and over:''
0.59 male(s)/female

''total population:''
0.91 male(s)/female (2001)

Infant Mortality rate:
9.15 deaths/1,000 live births (2000 est.)

Life Expectancy at birth:

''total population:''
72.66 years

''male:''
68.45 years

''female:''
77.14 years (2006 est.)

Total Fertility rate:
1.32 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Ethnic groups:
Hungarian 92.33%, Roma 2.86%, German 0.6%, Slovak 0.17%, Croats 0.15%, Romanian 0.08%, Ukrainian 0.05%, Serbs 0.03%, Slovenes 0.03%, Poles 0.03%, Greeks 0.02%. {Link without Title}

Religion:
According to census data, the largest religion in Hungary is minority (16% of the population) and smaller Lutheran (3%), and Jewish (0.1%) minorities. However, these census figures are representative of religious affiliation rather than practice; fewer than 12% of Hungarians attend religious services at least once a week and fewer than 50% at least once a year, while 30% of Hungarians do not believe in God. {Link without Title}

Literacy :

''definition:''
age 15 and over can read and write

''total population:''
99.4%

''male:''
99.5%

''female:''
99.3% (2003 est.)
See also :



NOTES