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Ethiopia 's population is highly diverse. Most of its people speak a Semitic or Cushitic Language . The Oromo , Amhara , and Tigrayans make up more than three-fourths of the population, but there are more than 80 different ethnic groups within Ethiopia. Some of these have as few as 10,000 members. In general, most of the Christians live in the highlands, while Muslims and adherents of traditional African religions tend to inhabit lowland regions. English is the most widely spoken foreign language and is taught in all secondary schools. Amharic was the language of primary school instruction but has been replaced in many areas by local languages such as Oromifa and Tigrinya . CURRENT DEMOGRAPHIC DATA Population CIA est. (2006): 74,777,981The World Factbook. "Ethiopia." 2006. CSA est. (2005): 75,067,000Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia. "The 2005 National Statistics: Population" UN est. (2005): 77,431,0002005 UN estimate. "World population prospects: The 2004 Revision Population Database." ''note:'' The latest census for which figures are available was performed in 1994; this figure is the July 2006 estimate, which take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS ; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected. Age structure ''0-14 years:'' 43.7% (male 16,373,718; female 16,280,766) ''15-64 years:'' 53.6% (male 19,999,482; female 20,077,014) ''65 years and over:'' 2.7% (male 929,349; female 1,117,652) (2006 est.) Population growth rate 2.31% (2006 est.) Birth rate 37.98 births population (2006 est.) Death rate 14.86 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.) Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.) ''note:'' repatriation of Ethiopians who fled to Sudan for refuge from war and famine in earlier years is expected to continue for several years; small numbers of Sudanese and Somali refugees, who fled to Ethiopia from the fighting or famine in their own countries, est.) Sex ratio ''at birth:'' 1.03 male(s)/female ''under 15 years:'' 1.01 male(s)/female ''15-64 years:'' 1 male(s)/female ''65 years and over:'' 0.83 male(s)/female ''total population:'' 1 male(s)/female (2006 est.) Infant mortality rate 93.62 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.) Life expectancy at birth ''total population:'' 49.03 years ''male:'' 47.86 years ''female:'' 50.24 years (2006 est.) Total fertility rate 5.22 children born/woman (2006 est.) Nationality ''noun:'' Ethiopian(s) ''adjective:'' Ethiopian Ethnic groups )Berhanu Abegaz, "Ethiopia: A Model Nation of Minorities" (accessed 6 April 2006)Embassy of Ethiopia, Washington, DC "Population" (accessed 6 April 2006) Religions Christian 61.6% ( Ethiopian Orthodox 50.6%, Protestant 10.1% ( P'ent'ay and Ethiopian Orthodox Tehadeso Church ), Catholic 0.9%), Muslim 32.8%, Traditional 5.6%. Small Ethiopian Jewish community, although most have migrated to Israel . Languages Amharic 32.7% (as a first language), Oromigna 31.6%, Tigrinya 6.1%, Somali 6.0%, Guragigna 3.5%, Sidamo 3.5%, other local languages; Arabic , English (major foreign language taught in schools). Literacy ''definition:'' age 15 and over can read and write ''total population:'' 42.7% ''male:'' 50.3% ''female:'' 35.1% (2003 est.) GENETIC STUDIES Most Y-chromosome that originated in Western Asia).Semino et al. (2004) Origin, Diffusion, and Differentiation of Y-Chromosome Haplogroups E and J: Inferences on the Neolithization of Europe and Later Migratory Events in the Mediterranean Area REFERENCES SEE ALSO
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