- 63 BC - Cicero reads the last of his Catiline Orations .
- 663 - Fourth Council Of Toledo .
- 771 - Charlemagne becomes the sole King of the Franks after the death of his brother Carloman .
- 1082 - Assassination of Ramon Berenguer II, Count Of Barcelona .
- 1360 - Creation of the French Franc .
- 1408 - Emir Edigu of Golden Horde reaches Moscow .
- 1484 - Pope Innocent VIII issues the '' Summis Desiderantes '', a Papal Bull that deputizes Heinrich Kramer and James Sprenger as Inquisitors to root out alleged Witchcraft in Germany and leads to one of the severest witchhunts in European history.
- 1492 - Christopher Columbus becomes the first Europe an to set foot on the island of Hispaniola .
- 1496 - King Manuel I Of Portugal issues a decree of expulsion of "heretics" from the country.
- 1590 - Niccolò Sfondrati becomes Pope Gregory XIV .
- 1715 - Alexander Dalzeel , a Scottish privateer in French service, is executed in London, England .
- 1746 - Revolt in Genoa against the Spanish rule.
- - Frederick II Of Prussia leads Prussia n forces to a decisive victory over Austria n forces under Prince Charles Alexander Of Lorraine .
- 1766 - In London , James Christie holds his first sale.
- 1775 - At Fort Ticonderoga , Henry Knox begins his historic transport of artillery to Cambridge, Massachusetts .
- 1776 - In the Apollo Room of the Raleigh Tavern in Williamsburg, Virginia , students from the College Of William And Mary met for the first time founding Phi Beta Kappa , the first scholastic Fraternity in the United States .
- 1815 - Foundation of Maceió in Brazil .
- 1830 - The premiere of Hector Berlioz 's Symphonie Fantastique in Paris .
- 1831 - Former US President John Quincy Adams takes his seat in the House Of Representatives .
- 1847 - Jefferson Davis gets elected to the US senate, his first political occupation.
- , US President James K. Polk confirms that large amounts of Gold had been discovered in California .
- allies with Chile against Spain .
- 1892 - Sir John Thompson becomes the fourth Prime Minister Of Canada .
- 1893 - First appearance of an Electric Car .
- 1914 - The Italian Parliament proclaims the neutrality of the country.
- 1926 - Sergei Eisenstein 's '' Battleship Potemkin '' premieres.
- 1932 - German -born Swiss Physicist Albert Einstein is granted an American Visa .
- becomes the 36th U.S. State to ratify the Twenty-first Amendment To The United States Constitution , thus establishing the required 75% of states needed to enact the amendment (this overturned the 18th Amendment which had outlawed Alcohol in the United States).
- troops attack Wal Wal in Abyssinia , taking four days to capture the city.
- 1936 - The Soviet Union adopts a new Constitution and the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic is established as a full Union Republic of the USSR .
- Zhukov launched a massive Soviet counter-attack against the German army, with the biggest offensive launched against Army Group Centre.
- 1941 - declares war to Finland , Hungary and Romania .
- attacking Germany 's secret weapons bases.
- .
- 1945 - Flight 19 is lost in the Bermuda Triangle .
- 1955 - The American Federation Of Labor and the Congress Of Industrial Organizations merge and form the AFL-CIO .
- 1955 - E.D. Nixon and Rosa Parks lead the Montgomery Bus Boycott .
- 1957 - Sukarno expels all Dutch people from Indonesia .
- 1958 - Subscriber Trunk Dialling (STD) is inaugurated in the UK by Queen Elizabeth II when she speaks to the Lord Provost in a call from Bristol to Edinburgh .
- 1958 - The Preston bypass, the UK 's first stretch of Motorway opens to traffic for the first time, now part of the M6 and M55 Motorway s.
- is awarded the first Medal Of Honor of the war.
- 1969 - ''Life'' Magazine reports the My Lai Massacre .
- 1970 - Premiere of Dario Fo 's '' Morte Accidentale Di Un Anarchico ''.
- 1976 - United Nations General Assembly adopts Pakistan resolution on security of non-Nuclear States.
- 1977 - Egypt breaks diplomatic relations with Syria , Libya , Algeria , Iraq and South Yemen . The move is in retaliation to the Declaration of Tripoli against Egypt.
- 1978 - The Soviet Union signs a 'friendship treaty' with the Democratic Republic Of Afghanistan .
- 1979 - Sonia Johnson is formally Excommunicated by The Church Of Jesus Christ Of Latter-day Saints for her outspoken criticism of the church concerning the proposed Equal Rights Amendment to the Constitution Of The United States .
- 1983 - Dissolution of the Military Joint in Argentina .
- 1989 - TGV Atlantique sets a new railways speed record with 482.4 km/h.
- 1993 - The mayor of Wien Helmut Zilk is wounded by a Letter Bomb .
- 1995 - Sri Lanka government announces the conquest of Tamil stronghold of Jaffna .
- 2003 - Suicide bombers kill at least 46 people in an attack on a train in southern Russia.
- 2005 - The Lake Tanganyika Earthquake causes significant damage, mostly in the Democratic Republic Of The Congo .
- 2005 - The Civil Partnership Act comes into effect in the United Kingdom , and the first Civil Partnership is registered there.
- 2006 - Commodore Frank Bainimarama overthrows the government in Fiji
- 1377 - Jianwen Emperor of China (d. 1402 )
- 1443 - Pope Julius II (d. 1513 )
- 1495 - Nicolas Cleynaerts , Flemish grammarian (d. 1542 )
- 1537 - Ashikaga Yoshiaki , Japanese shogun (d. 1597 )
- 1539 - Fausto Paolo Sozzini , Italian theologian (d. 1604 )
- 1547 - Ubbo Emmius , Dutch historian and geographer (d. 1625 )
- 1595 - Henry Lawes , English composer (d. 1662 )
- 1661 - Robert Harley, 1st Earl Of Oxford And Mortimer , English statesman (d. 1724 )
- 1687 - Francesco Geminiani , Italian violinist and composer (d. 1762 )
- 1782 - Martin Van Buren , 8th President Of The United States (d. 1862 )
- 1803 - Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev , Russian poet (d. 1873 )
- 1820 - Afanasy Fet , Russian poet (d. 1892 )
- 1822 - Elizabeth Cabot Agassiz , American college president (d. 1907 )
- 1829 - Henri-Gustave Joly De Lotbinière , French Canadian politician (d. 1908 )
- 1830 - Christina Rossetti , British poet (d. 1894 )
- 1839 - George Armstrong Custer , American general (d. 1876 )
- 1841 - Marcus Daly , American mining tycoon (d. 1900 )
- 1855 - Clinton Hart Merriam , American ornithologist (d. 1942 )
- 1859 - John Jellicoe , British admiral (d. 1935 )
- 1863 - Paul Painlevé , French mathematician (d. 1933 )
- 1867 - Józef Piłsudski , Polish revolutionary and statesman (d. 1935 )
- 1867 - Antti Aarne , Finnish folklorist (d. February 2 , 1925 )
- 1868 - Arnold Sommerfeld , German physicist (d. 1951 )
- 1869 - Ellis Parker Butler , American author (d. 1937 )
- 1870 - Vítězslav Novák , Czech composer (d. 1949 )
- 1871 - Bill Pickett , American rodeo performer (d. 1932 )
- 1872 - Harry Nelson Pillsbury , American chess player (d. 1906 )
- 1875 - Sir Arthur Currie , Canadian soldier (d. 1933 )
- 1879 - Clyde Cessna , American airplane manufacturer (d. 1954 )
- 1879 - Nunnally Johnson , American screenwriter and producer (d. 1977 )
- 1886 - Rose Wilder Lane , American writer and reporter, daughter of 'Little House' books writer Laura Ingalls Wilder (d. 1968 )
- 1890 - David Bomberg , British painter (d. 1957 )
- 1890 - Fritz Lang , Austrian-born film director (d. 1976 )
- 1892 - Ferdinand Schörner , German field marshal (d. 1973 )
- 1895 - Elbert Frank Cox , American mathematician (d. 1969 )
- 1896 - Carl Ferdinand Cori , Austrian-born biochemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1984 )
- 1898 - Grace Moore , American soprano (d. 1947 )
- 1898 - Josh Malihabadi , Urdu poet of India and Pakistan (d. 1982 )
- 1901 - Walt Disney , American animated film producer (d. 1966 )
- 1901 - Milton H. Erickson , American psychiatrist (d. 1980 )
- 1901 - Werner Heisenberg , German physicist, Nobel Laureate (d. 1976 )
- 1902 - Strom Thurmond , American politician (d. 2003 )
- 1903 - Johannes Heesters , Dutch singer and actor
- 1903 - Cecil Frank Powell , British physicist, Nobel Laureate (d. 1969 )
- 1905 - Gus Mancuso , baseball player (d. 1984 )
- 1906 - Otto Preminger , Austrian-born director, producer, and actor (d. 1986 )
- 1907 - Giuseppe Occhialini , Italian physicist (d. 1993 )
- 1910 - Abraham Polonsky , American screenwriter (d. 1999 )
- 1911 - Władysław Szpilman , Polish pianist (d. 2000 )
- 1914 - Hans Hellmut Kirst , German author (d. 1989 )
- 1917 - Ken Downing , British racing driver (d. 2004 )
- 1927 - Bhumibol Adulyadej , King Of Thailand
- 1932 - Sheldon Lee Glashow , American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1932 - Little Richard (Richard Wayne Penniman), American singer and pianist
- 1934 - Joan Didion , American writer
- 1934 - Nikos Kourkoulos , Greek actor, artistic director of the Greek National Theater (d. 2007 )
- 1935 - Yury Vlasov , Soviet weightlifter
- 1935 - Calvin Trillin , American writer
- 1936 - James Lee Burke , American writer
- 1938 - J. J. Cale , American songwriter
- 1940 - Peter Pohl , Swedish writer
- 1940 - Boris Ignatyev , Russian footballer
- 1941 - Hayao Miyazaki Japanese animated film director
- 1943 - Eva Joly , Norwegian-born French magistrate
- 1944 - Jeroen Krabbé , Dutch actor
- 1945 - Serge Chapleau , Quebec caricaturist
- 1946 - José Carreras , Spanish tenor
- 1947 - Jim Messina , American musician ( Buffalo Springfield - Loggins And Messina )
- 1947 - Tony Gregory , Irish politician
- 1947 - Jim Plunkett , American football player
- 1947 - Bruce Golding , Jamaican politician
- 1949 - Ray Comfort , New Zealand evangelist
- 1950 - Camarón De La Isla , Spanish flamenco singer (d. 1992 )
- 1950 - Osvaldo Golijov , Argentine-born composer
- 1951 - Anne-Mie Van Kerckhoven , Belgian artist
- 1951 - Morgan Brittany , American actress
- 1952 - Andy Kim , Canadian singer, songwriter
- 1953 - Larry Zbyszko , American professional wrestler
- 1956 - Brian Backer , American actor
- 1956 - Krystian Zimerman , Polish pianist
- 1957 - Art Monk , American football player
- 1958 - Dean Erickson , American actor
- 1960 - Jack Russell , American singer ( Great White )
- 1962 - José Cura , Argentine tenor
- 1963 - Doctor Dre , American radio personality
- 1963 - Eddie 'the Eagle' Edwards , British skier
- 1963 - Carrie Hamilton , American actress
- 1965 - Johnny Rzeznik , American singer, songwriter and guitarist ( Goo Goo Dolls )
- 1966 - Patricia Kaas , French singer
- 1967 - Gary Allan , American singer
- 1967 - Konstantin-Assen, Prince Of Vidin , titular Bulgarian royal family
- 1968 - Margaret Cho , American comedian and actress
- 1968 - Lisa Marie , American model and actress
- 1969 - Lewis Gordon Pugh , British swimmer, polar explorer and motivational speaker
- 1969 - Morgan J. Freeman , American film director
- 1970 - Kevin Haller , Canadian hockey player
- 1971 - Kali Rocha , American actress
- 1972 - Angela Shelton , American actress & writer
- 1972 - Mike Mahoney , baseball player
- 1972 - Cliff Floyd , American baseball player
- 1973 - Shalom Harlow , model
- 1973 - Luboš Motl , Czech physicist
- 1975 - Ronnie O'Sullivan , British snooker player
- 1976 - Amy Acker , American actress
- 1976 - Xavier Garbajosa , French rugby player
- 1978 - Olli Jokinen , Finnish ice hockey player
- 1979 - Matteo Ferrari , Italian footballer
- 1979 - Niklas Hagman , Finnish hockey player
- 1979 - Nick Stahl , American actor
- 1979 - Gareth McAuley , Northern Irish footballer
- 1979 - Evonne Hsu , Taiwanese singer
- 1980 - Shizuka Ito , Japanese voice actress ( Seiyū )
- 1981 - Leila Tong , Hong Kong actress
- 1982 - Eddy Curry , American basketball player
- 1982 - Trai Essex , American football player
- 1984 - Chris Solinsky , American distance runner
- 1985 - Josh Smith , American basketball player
- 1985 - Frankie Muniz , American actor
- 1985 - Nico Verdonck , Belgian racing driver
- 1988 - Ross Bagley , American actor
- 749 - Saint John Of Damascus , theologian
- 1082 - Ramon Berenguer II, Count Of Barcelona
- 1355 - John III, Duke Of Brabant (b. 1300 )
- 1560 - King Francis II Of France (b. 1544 )
- 1570 - Johan Friis , Danish statesman (b. 1494 )
- 1624 - Gaspard Bauhin , Swiss botanist (b. 1560 )
- 1654 - Jean François Sarrazin , French writer
- 1663 - Severo Bonini , Italian composer (b. 1582 )
- 1749 - Pierre Gaultier De Varennes Et De La Vérendrye , New French explorer and trader (b. 1685 )
- 1758 - Johann Friedrich Fasch , German composer (b. 1688 )
- 1770 - James Stirling , Scottish mathematician (b. 1692 )
- 1784 - Phillis Wheatley , African-American poet (b. 1753 )
- 1791 - Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart , Austrian composer (b. 1756 )
- 1819 - Friedrich Leopold Graf Zu Stolberg , German poet (b. 1750 )
- 1870 - Alexandre Dumas, Père , French writer (b. 1802 )
- 1887 - Eliza Roxcy Snow , American poet (b. 1804 )
- 1891 - Emperor Pedro II Of Brazil (b. 1825 )
- 1895 - Chief Gall , Sioux chief (b. 1840 )
- 1925 - Władysław Reymont , Polish writer and Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1867 )
- 1926 - Claude Monet , French impressionist painter (b. 1840 )
- 1931 - Vachel Lindsay , American poet (b. 1879 )
- 1940 - Jan Kubelík , Austro-Hungarian-born Czechoslovak violinist (b. 1880 )
- 1950 - Shri Aurobindo , Indian guru (b. 1872 )
- 1951 - Shoeless Joe Jackson , American baseball player (b. 1889 )
- 1951 - Abanindranath Tagore , Indian writer (b. 1871 )
- 1953 - Jorge Negrete , Mexican actor and songwriter.
- 1963 - Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy , Prime Minister Pakistan (b. 1892 )
- 1963 - Karl Amadeus Hartmann , German composer (b. 1905 )
- 1963 - Sri Deep Narayan Mahaprabhuji , Indian Hindu mystic
- 1965 - Joseph Erlanger , American physiologist and Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1874 )
- 1966 - Sylvère Maes , Belgian cyclist (b. 1909 )
- 1968 - Fred Clark , American actor (b. 1914 )
- 1977 - Aleksandr Vasilevsky , Soviet military commander (b. 1895 )
- 1984 - Adam Malik , Third Vice President of Indonesia (b. 1917 )
- 1986 - Sir Edward Youde , Governor Of Hong Kong (b. 1924 )
- 1989 - Sir John Pritchard , British conductor (b. 1921 )
- 1991 - Richard Speck , American mass murderer (b. 1941 )
- 1993 - Doug Hopkins , American guitarist and songwriter ( Gin Blossoms ) (b. 1961 )
- 1994 - Harry Horner , American art director (b. 1910 )
- 2001 - Franco Rasetti , Italian physicist (b. 1901 )
- 2002 - Roone Arledge , American sports broadcasting pioneer (b. 1931 )
- 2002 - Ne Win , Burmese leader (b. 1911 )
- 2005 - Frits Philips , Dutch industrialist and businessman from multinational Philips Electronics (b. 1905 )
- 2005 - Kevin "Big Kev" McQuay , Australian businessman (b. 1949 )
- 2006 - David Bronstein , Ukrainian-born chess grandmaster (b. 1924 )
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