Information AboutCytosine |
| CATEGORIES ABOUT CYTOSINE | |
| pyrimidines | |
Cytosine is one of the 5 main Nucleobase s used in storing and transporting Genetic information within a cell in the Nucleic Acid s DNA and RNA . It is a Pyrimidine derivative, with a Heterocyclic Aromatic Ring and two substituents attached (an Amine group at position 4 and a Keto group at position 2). The Nucleoside of cytosine is Cytidine . In Watson-Crick base pairing, it forms three hydrogen bonds with Guanine . HISTORY Cytosine was first discovered in 1894 when it was isolated from calf Thymus tissues. A structure was proposed in 1903, and was synthesized (and thus confirmed) in the laboratory in the same year. Cytosine recently found use in Quantum Computation . The first time any Quantum mechanical properties were harnessed to process Information took place on August 1st in 1998 when researchers at Oxford implemented David Deutsch's algorithm on a two Qubit NMRQC ( Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Quantum Computer) based on the cytosine Molecule . CHEMICAL REACTIONS Cytosine can be found as part of DNA, RNA, or as a part of a Nucleotide . As Cytidine Triphosphate (CTP), it can act as a co-factor to enzymes, and can transfer a phosphate to convert Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) to Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP). In DNA and RNA, cytosine is paired with Guanine . However, it is inherently unstable, and can change into Uracil ( Spontaneous Deamination ). This can lead to a Point Mutation if not repaired by the DNA Repair Enzymes such as uracil glycosylase, which cleaves a uracil in DNA. Cytosine can also be Methylated into 5-methylcytosine by an enzyme called DNA Methyltransferase . EXTERNAL LINKS |
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