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Cthulhu is a fictional being created by horror author H. P. Lovecraft , and is one of Lovecraft's Great Old One s.It is sometimes claimed that Cthulhu corresponds to a monster or god in Sumerian Mythology named "Kutulu" (or sometimes "Cuthalu"). In reality, "Kutulu" comes from Simon's Necronomicon , which is a fiction based loosely on Sumerian mythology, among other things, and the words "Kutulu" and "Cuthalu" are not linguistically correct Sumerian. It is often cited for the extreme descriptions given of its appearance, size, and the abject terror that it invokes. Because of this reputation, Cthulhu is often referred to in Science Fiction and Fantasy circles as a Tongue-in-cheek shorthand for extreme horror or evil. Cthulhu has also been spelled ''Cathulu'', ''Kutulu'', ''Q'thulu'', ''Ktulu'', ''Cthulu'', ''Kthulhut'', ''Kulhu'', ''Thu Thu'', ''Tulu'',Harms, "Cthulhu", ''The Encyclopedia Cthulhiana'', p. 64. and in many other ways. It is often preceded by the Epithet ''Great'', ''Dead'', or ''Dread''. Lovecraft transcribed the pronunciation of ''Cthulhu'' as "Khlûl'hloo" or "Kathooloo"Lovecraft said that "the first syllable ''Khlul'-hloo'' is pronounced gutturally and very thickly. The ''u'' is about like that in ''full''; and the first syllable is not unlike ''klul'' in sound, hence the ''h'' represents the guttural thickness." H. P. Lovecraft, ''Selected Letters V'', pp. 10 – 11. S. T. Joshi points out, however, that Lovecraft gave several differing pronunciations on different occasions.S. T. Joshi, note 9 to "The Call of Cthulhu, ''The Call of Cthulhu and Other Weird Stories'' According to Lovecraft, this is merely the closest that the human vocal apparatus can come to reproducing the syllables of an Alien Language ."Cthul-Who?: How Do You Pronounce 'Cthulhu'?", ''Crypt of Cthulhu #9'' Cthulhu first appeared in the Short Story " The Call Of Cthulhu " ( 1928 )—though it makes minor appearances in a few other Lovecraft works."Cthulhu Elsewhere in Lovecraft", ''Crypt of Cthulhu #9''. August Derleth used the creature's name to identify the system of lore employed by Lovecraft and his literary successors, the Cthulhu Mythos . THE CALL OF CTHULHU See Also: The Call of Cthulhu The most detailed descriptions of Cthulhu in "The Call of Cthulhu" are based on statues of the creature. One, constructed by an artist after a series of dreams, is said to have "yielded simultaneous pictures of an Octopus , a Dragon , and a human caricature.... A pulpy, tentacled head surmounted a grotesque and scaly body with rudimentary wings."H. P. Lovecraft, "The Call of Cthulhu", ''The Dunwich Horror and Others'', p. 127. Another, recovered by police from a raid on a murderous cult, "represented a monster of vaguely Anthropoid outline, but with an octopus-like head whose face was a mass of feelers, a scaly, rubbery-looking body, prodigious claws on hind and fore feet, and long, narrow wings behind."Lovecraft, "The Call of Cthulhu", p. 134. When the creature finally appears in the story, it's said that the "Thing cannot be described", but it is called "the green, sticky spawn of the stars", with "flabby claws" and an "awful squid-head with writhing feelers". The phrase "a mountain walked or stumbled" gives a sense of the creature's scale.Lovecraft, "The Call of Cthulhu", pp. 152-153. Cthulhu is depicted as having a worldwide Cult centered in Arabia , with followers in regions as far-flung as Greenland , Louisiana , and New Zealand .Lovecraft, "The Call of Cthulhu", pp. 133-141, 146. There are leaders of the cult "in the mountains of China " who are said to be Immortal . Cthulhu is described by some of these cultists as the "great priest" of "the Great Old One s who lived ages before there were any men, and who came to the young world out of the sky."Lovecraft, "The Call of Cthulhu", p. 139. The cult is noted for chanting its horrid phrase or ritual: "''Ph'nglui mglw'nafh Cthulhu R'lyeh wgah'nagl fhtagn''", which translates as "In his house at R'lyeh dead Cthulhu waits dreaming."Lovecraft, "The Call of Cthulhu", p. 136. This is often shortened to "Cthulhu fhtagn", which might possibly mean "Cthulhu waits", "Cthulhu dreams".Will Murray, "Prehuman Language in Lovecraft", in ''Black Forbidden Things'', Robert M. Price, ed., p. 42., or "Cthulhu waits dreaming" Marsh, Philip ''"R'lyehian as a Toy Language - on psycholinguistics"'' Ostensibly part of a couplet from the Necronomicon , the other line being ''"yet He shall rise and His kingdom shall cover the Earth."'' One cultist, known as Old Castro , provides the most elaborate information given in Lovecraft's fiction about Cthulhu. The Great Old Ones, according to Castro, had come from the stars to rule the world in ages past. Castro points to the "much-discussed couplet" from Abdul Alhazred 's '' Necronomicon '': :That is not dead which can eternal lie. :And with strange aeons even death may die.Lovecraft, "The Call of Cthulhu", p. 141. The couplet appeared earlier in Lovecraft's story " The Nameless City ", in ''Dagon and Other Macabre Tales'', p. 99. Castro explains the role of the Cthulhu Cult: When the stars have come right for the Great Old Ones, "some force from outside must serve to liberate their bodies. The spells that preserved Them intact likewise prevented them from making an initial move." At the proper time, Castro reports that the Great Old Ones are telepathic and "knew all that was occurring in the universe". They were able to communicate with the first humans by "moulding their dreams", thus establishing the Cthulhu Cult, but after R'lyeh had sunk beneath the waves, "the deep waters, full of the one primal mystery through which not even thought can pass, had cut off the spectral intercourse."Lovecraft, "The Call of Cthulhu", pp. 140-141. STAR-SPAWN OF CTHULHU The star-spawn of Cthulhu, or Cthulhi, have a physical simility with Cthulhu himself, but are of far smaller size. This race arrived with him, but relatively little is known about them. On earth they built the city R'lyeh, which later sank in the ocean, and where they still dwell with Cthulhu. A few are rumored to have escaped this incident, and can be found in hidden places on earth. ELSEWHERE IN LOVECRAFT'S FICTION Cthulhu makes several cameo appearances elsewhere in Lovecraft's fiction, sometimes described in ways that appear to contradict information given in "The Call of Cthulhu". For example, rather than including Cthulhu among the Great Old Ones , a quotation from the ''Necronomicon'' in " The Dunwich Horror " says of the Old Ones, "Great Cthulhu is Their cousin, yet can he spy Them only dimly."Lovecraft, "The Dunwich Horror", ''The Dunwich Horror and Others'', p. 170. But different Lovecraft stories and characters use the term "Old Ones" in widely different ways. In '' At The Mountains Of Madness '', for example, the Old Ones are a species of Extraterrestrial s, also known as Elder Things , who were at war with Cthulhu and his relatives or allies. Human explorers in Antarctica discover an ancient city of the Elder Things and puzzle out a history from sculptural records: This all seems to occur before the Permian period (about 300 million years ago), and certainly before the Jurassic period (200 million years ago),Lovecraft, ''At the Mountains of Madness'', pp. 67-68. in apparent contrast to "The Call of Cthulhu", where R'lyeh sinks after the rise of humanity. The narrator of ''At the Mountains of Madness'' also notes that "the Cthulhu spawn...seem to have been composed of matter more widely different from that which we know than was the substance of the Antarctic Old Ones. They were able to undergo transformations and reintegrations impossible for their adversaries, and seem therefore to have originally come from even remoter gulfs of cosmic space.... The first sources of the other beings can only be guessed at with bated breath." He notes, however, that "the Old Ones might have invented a cosmic framework to account for their occasional defeats."Lovecraft, ''At the Mountains of Madness'', p. 68. Other stories have the Elder Things' enemies repeat this cosmic framework. In " The Whisperer In Darkness ", for example, one character refers to "the fearful myths antedating the coming of man to the earth--the Yog-Sothoth and Cthulhu cycles--which are hinted at in the ''Necronomicon''." That story suggests that Cthulhu is one of the entities worshipped by the alien Mi-Go race, and repeats the Elder Things' claim that the Mi-Go share his unknown material compositions. The story mentions in passing that some humans call the Mi-Go "the old ones". " The Shadow Over Innsmouth " establishes that Cthulhu is also worshipped by the nonhuman creatures known as Deep Ones .Lovecraft, "The Shadow Over Innsmouth", pp. 337, 367. According to correspondence between Lovecraft and fellow author deity Nagoob . Nagoob mated with the Outer God Yog-Sothoth to bear Cthulhu on the planet Vhoorl . AUGUST DERLETH August Derleth , a literary protégé, wrote several stories in the Cthulhu Mythos (a term he coined) that dealt with Cthulhu, both before and after Lovecraft's death. In "The Return of Hastur", written in 1937, Derleth proposes two groups of opposed cosmic entities, According to Derleth's scheme, "Great Cthulhu is one of the Water Beings". Derleth indicated that "the Water Beings oppose those of Air"--a departure from traditional elemental theory, in which water and fire were opposed--and depicted Cthulhu as engaged in an age-old arch-rivalry with a designated Air elemental, Hastur The Unspeakable , whom he describes as Cthulhu's "half-brother".Derleth, "The Return of Hastur", pp. 256, 266. Based on this framework, Derleth wrote a series of stories, collected as '' The Trail Of Cthulhu '', about the struggle of Dr. Laban Shrewsbury and his associates against Cthulhu and his minions--culminating, in "The Black Island" (1952), with the Atomic Bomb ing of R'lyeh, which Derleth has moved to the vicinity of Ponape . Derleth describes Cthulhu in that story as It should be noted that Derleth's interpretations are not universally accepted by enthusiasts of Lovecraft's work, and indeed are criticized by some for projecting a stereotypical conflict between equal forces of objective good and evil into Lovecraft's strictly amoral continuity. Bloch, Robert, "Heritage of Horror", ''The Best of H. P. Lovecraft: Bloodcurdling Tales of Horror and the Macabre'' OTHER MEDIA
ARTISTIC IMAGERY has been depicted in a parody of the Icthys bumper ornament.]] Cthulhu has served as direct inspiration for many modern artists and sculptors. Prominent artists that produced renderings of this creature include, but not limited to, Paul Carrick, Stephen Hickman , Kevin Evans, Dave Carson and Francois Launet. Multiple sculptural depictions of Cthulhu exist, the most noteworthy of them being Stephen Hickman 's Cthulhu Statue and NetherCraft Cthulhu. Hickmans's Cthulhu offers a remarkably accurate depiction of the creature and is considered to be "canonical" (it should be noted that this sculpture is so popular that it serves as a separate object of inspiration for many works, most recent of which are the Cthulhu Worshiper Amulets manufactured by a Russian jeweler). It was produced by Bowen Designs for some time, but is currently not available for sale. Today the Hickman Cthulhu Statue is a rarity which is actively hunted on EBay and other auctions. The NetherCraft Cthulhu is noteworthy primarily due to its sheer size (largest Cthulhu statue available for sale, stands 7' 8" tall) SEE ALSO
NOTES REFERENCES
: — "Idh-yaa", p. 148. Ibid. : — "Star-spawn of Cthulhu", pp. 283 – 4. Ibid. EXTERNAL LINKS
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