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The three most common sites of intestinal involvement in '''Crohn's disease''' are Ileal , ileocolic and Colonic
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(also known as '''regional enteritis''') is a
Chronic , episodic,
Inflammatory condition of the
Gastrointestinal Tract characterized by transmural inflammation (affecting the entire wall of the involved bowel) and skip lesions (areas of inflammation with areas of normal lining between). Crohn's disease is a type of
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract from
Mouth to
Anus ; as a result, the symptoms of Crohn's disease vary between affected individuals. The main gastrointestinal symptoms are
Abdominal Pain ,
Diarrhea (which may be bloody) or
Constipation , and
Weight Loss . Crohn's disease can also cause complications outside of the gastrointestinal tract such as skin rashes,
Arthritis , and
Inflammation Of The Eye .
1
The disease was independently described in 1904 by Polish surgeon
Antoni Lesniowski and in 1932 by American
Gastroenterologist Burrill Bernard Crohn , for whom the disease was eponymized. Crohn, along with two colleagues, described a series of patients with inflammation of the
Terminal Ileum , the area most commonly affected by the illness.Crohn BB, Ginzburg L, Oppenheimer GD. "Regional ileitis: a pathologic and clinical entity." ''Mt Sinai J Med'' 2000 May;67(3):263-8. PMID 10828911.Crohn's disease affects between 400,000 and 600,000 people in North America.
2
Prevalence estimates for Northern Europe have ranged from 27–48 per 100,000.
3 Crohn's disease often develops in the teenage years, though individuals in their earlier years are also at increased risk.
4 There is a
Genetic component to susceptibility with highest relative risk in siblings, affecting males and females equally.
Although the cause of Crohn's disease is not known, it is believed to be an
Autoimmune Disease that is genetically linked. The condition occurs when the immune system contributes to damage of the gastrointestinal tract by causing inflammation.
