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Classical antiquity (also the '''classical era''' or '''classical period''') is a broad term for a long period of cultural History centered on the Mediterranean Sea , which begins roughly with the earliest-recorded Greek poetry of Homer (8th–7th century BC), and continues through the rise of Christianity and the Decline Of The Roman Empire (5th century). It ends with the dissolution of classical culture at the close of Late Antiquity (300-600), or, using the similar and better-known Periodization of history, with the Early Middle Ages (500-1100). Such a wide sampling of history and territory covers many disparate cultures and periods. "Classical antiquity" typically refers to an idealized vision of later people of what was, in Edgar Allan Poe 's words, "the glory that was Greece , the grandeur that was Rome !" ANCIENT GREECE See Also: Ancient Greece Ancient Greece is the period in Greek History lasting for close to a millennium, until the rise of Christianity . It is considered by most historians to be the foundational culture of European Civilization . Greek culture was a powerful influence in the Roman Empire , which carried a version of it to many parts of Europe . The civilization of the ancient Greeks has been immensely influential on the language, politics, educational systems, philosophy, science, art and architecture of the modern world, fueling the Renaissance in Western Europe and again resurgent during various Neo-classical revivals in 18th and 19th Century Europe and The Americas . "Ancient Greece" is the term used to describe the and the Aegean islands, the Aegean coast of Anatolia (then known as Ionia ), Sicily and southern Italy (known as Magna Graecia ), and the scattered Greek settlements on the coasts of Colchis , Illyria , Thrace , Egypt , Cyrenaica , southern Gaul , east and northeast of the Iberian Peninsula , Iberia and Taurica . The Hellenistic period of Greek history was the period between the death of Alexander The Great in 323 BC and the annexation of the Greek peninsula and islands by Rome in 146 BC . Although the establishment of Roman rule did not break the continuity of Hellenistic society and culture, which remained essentially unchanged until the advent of Christianity, it did mark the end of Greek political independence. ANCIENT ROME was the central area around which ancient Rome developed.]] See Also: Ancient Rome Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of the City-state of Rome , founded in the Italian Peninsula circa the 9th Century BC . During its twelve-century existence, the Roman civilization shifted from a Monarchy to an Oligarchic Republic to a vast Empire . It came to dominate Western Europe and the entire area surrounding the Mediterranean Sea through Conquest and Assimilation . However, a number of factors led to the eventual Decline Of The Roman Empire . The western half of the empire, including Hispania , Gaul , and Italy, eventually broke into independent kingdoms in the 5th Century ; the eastern empire, governed from Constantinople , is referred to as the Byzantine Empire after AD 476, the traditional date for the "fall of Rome" and subsequent onset of the Middle Ages . Roman civilization is often grouped into "classical antiquity" with Ancient Greece , a civilization that inspired much of the Culture Of Ancient Rome . Ancient Rome contributed greatly to the development of Law , War , Art , Literature , Architecture , and Language in the Western World , and its History continues to have a major influence on the world today. LOOKING BACK ON THE CLASSICAL |
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