| Chemical Synthesis |
Article Index for Chemical |
Website Links For Chemical |
Information AboutChemical Synthesis |
| CATEGORIES ABOUT CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS | |
| drug discovery | |
| chemical synthesisdrug discovery | |
| chemical synthesis | |
| chemical processes | |
| synthesis | |
| chemical reactions | |
| chemistry | |
| organic chemistry | |
|
A chemical synthesis begins by selection of Compounds that are known as Reagent s or Reactant s. Various Reaction Types can be applied to these to synthesize the product, or an intermediate product. The amount of product in a chemical synthesis is the Reaction Yield . Typically, Chemical Yield s are expressed as a weight in Gram s or as a percentage of the total theoretical quantity of product that could be produced. A side reaction is an unwanted chemical reaction taking place that diminishes the yield of the desired product. The word ''synthesis'' in the present day meaning was first used by the chemist Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe . STRATEGIES Many strategies exist in chemical synthesis that go beyond converting Reactant A to reaction product B. In Cascade Reaction s multiple chemical transformations take place within a single reactant, in Multi-component Reaction s up to 11 different reactants form a single reaction product and in a Telescopic Synthesis one reactant goes through multiple transformations without isolation of intermediates. ORGANIC SYNTHESIS See Also: Organic synthesis Organic Synthesis is a special branch of chemical synthesis dealing with the synthesis of Organic Compound s. In the Total Synthesis of a complex product it may take multiple steps to synthesize the product of interest, and inordinate amounts of time. Skill in Organic Synthesis is prized among chemists and the synthesis of exceptionally valuable or difficult compounds has won chemists such as Robert Burns Woodward the Nobel Prize For Chemistry . If a chemical synthesis starts from basic laboratory compounds and yields something new, it is a purely Synthetic process. If it starts from a product isolated from plants or animals and then proceeds to a new compounds, the synthesis is described as a Semisynthetic process. OTHER MEANINGS The other meaning of chemical synthesis is narrow and restricted to a specific kind of chemical reaction, a ''direct Combination Reaction '', in which two or more reactants combine to form a single product. The general form of a direct combination reaction is: :A + B → AB where A and B are Element s or Compound s, and AB is a compound consisting of A and B. Examples of combination reactions include: :2 Na + Cl 2 → 2 NaCl (formation of table salt) : S + O2 → SO2 (formation of sulfur dioxide) :4 Fe + 3 O2 → 2 Fe2O3 (iron rusting) : CO2 + H2O → H2CO3 ( Carbon Dioxide dissolving and reacting with Water to form Carbonic Acid ) 4 special synthesis rules: :metal-oxide + H2O → metal(OH) :non-metal-oxide + H2O → oxi-acid :metal-chloride + O2 → metal-chlorate :metal-oxide + CO2 → metal(CO3) SEE ALSO
|
|
|