Cardiology

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Cardiology

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Cardiology

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Cardiology

Cardiology is the branch of Medicine pertaining to the Heart .

Cardiac Pacemaker (Electrical system of the heart)

Electrical Conduction System Of The Heart

--- Action Potential

-- Ventricular Action Potential

Sinoatrial Node

Atrioventricular Node

Bundle Of His

Purkinje Fibers

Basic cardiac physiology

Systole

Diastole

Heart Sounds

Preload

Afterload

Kussmaul's Sign

DISORDERS OF THE CORONARY CIRCULATION

Atherosclerosis

Restenosis

Coronary Heart Disease ( Ischaemic Heart Disease , Coronary artery disease)

Acute Coronary Syndrome

--- Angina

--- Myocardial Infarction (Heart attack)

SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH (THE ABRUPT CESSATION OF BLOOD FLOW, LEADING TO DEATH)

Cardiac Arrest

Treatment of sudden cardiac death

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)

DISORDERS OF THE MYOCARDIUM (MUSCLE OF THE HEART)

Cardiomyopathy

--- Ischemic Cardiomyopathy

--- Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy

-- Amyloid Cardiomyopathy

-- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM)

- Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy (HOCM) (Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS))

- Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

-- Dilated Cardiomyopathy

- Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy

- Tachycardia Induced Cardiomyopathy

- Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy (Transient apical ballooning, stress-induced cardiomyopathy)

-- Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia (Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy)

-- Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Congestive Heart Failure

--- Cor Pulmonale

Ventricular Hypertrophy

--- Left Ventricular Hypertrophy

Primary Tumors Of The Heart

--- Myxoma

Myocardial Rupture

DISORDERS OF THE PERICARDIUM (OUTER LINING OF THE HEART)

Pericarditis

Pericardial Tamponade

Constrictive Pericarditis

DISORDERS OF THE HEART VALVES

Aortic Valve disorders

--- Aortic Insufficiency

--- Aortic Stenosis

--- Aortic Valve Replacement

--- Aortic Valve Repair

--- Aortic Valvuloplasty

Mitral Valve disorders

--- Mitral Valve Prolapse

--- Mitral Regurgitation

--- Mitral Stenosis

--- Mitral Valve Replacement

--- Mitral Valve Repair

--- Mitral Valvuloplasty

Pulmonary Valve disorders

--- Congenital Pulmonic Stenosis

Tricuspid Valve disorders

DISORDERS OF THE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM OF THE HEART ( CARDIAC ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY )

Tachycardia

Cardiac Arrhythmia s

--- Supraventricular Tachycardia (Fast rhythms that originate above the ventricles)

-- Atrial Fibrillation

-- Atrial Flutter

-- Atrial Tachycardia

-- Sick Sinus Syndrome (Tachy-Brady syndrome)

-- AV Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia (AVNRT)

-- AV Reentrant Tachycardia (AVRT)

--- Bigeminy

--- Premature Ventricular Contraction

--- Ventricular Tachycardia

-- Torsades De Pointes

--- Ventricular Fibrillation

--- Sick Sinus Syndrome

--- Bundle Branch Block

-- Left Bundle Branch Block

-- Right Bundle Branch Block

--- Heart Block

-- First Degree AV Block

-- Second Degree AV Block

-- Bifascicular Block

-- Trifascicular Block

-- Third Degree AV Block

- Lev's Disease

Specific diseases of the electrical system of the heart

--- Brugada Syndrome

--- Long QT Syndrome

-- Andersen-Tawil Syndrome

-- Romano-Ward Syndrome

-- Jervell And Lange-Nielsen Syndrome

--- Short QT Syndrome

--- Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome (WPW syndrome)

INFLAMMATION AND INFECTION OF THE HEART

Endocarditis

--- Rheumatic Heart Disease

Myocarditis

Pericarditis

CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE

Atrial Septal Defect

Ventricular Septal Defect

Patent Ductus Arteriosus

Bicuspid Aortic Valve

Tetralogy Of Fallot

Transposition Of The Great Vessels (TGV)

Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome

DISEASES OF BLOOD VESSELS (VASCULAR DISEASES)

Vasculitis

Atherosclerosis

Aneurysm

Varicose Veins

Economy Class Syndrome

Diseases of the aorta

--- Coarctation Of The Aorta

--- Aortic Dissection

Diseases of the Carotid Arteries

--- Carotid Artery Disease

--- Carotid Artery Dissection

PROCEDURES DONE FOR CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

--- Atherectomy

--- Angioplasty (PTCA)

--- Stent ing

Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery (CABG)

Enhanced External Counterpulsation (EECP)

DEVICES USED IN CARDIOLOGY

Stethoscope

Devices used to maintain normal electrical rhythm

--- Pacemaker

--- Defibrillator

-- Automated External Defibrillator

-- Implantable Cardioverter-defibrillator

Devices used to maintain Blood Pressure

--- Artificial Heart

--- Heart-lung Machine

--- Intra-aortic Balloon Pump

--- Ventricular Assist Device

DIAGNOSTIC TESTS AND PROCEDURES

Blood Tests

Echocardiogram

Cardiac Stress Test

Auscultation (Listening with the Stethoscope)

Electrocardiogram

--- QT Interval

--- Osborn Wave

Ambulatory Holter Monitor

Electrophysiologic Study

--- Programmed Electrical Stimulation

Sphygmomanometer (Blood pressure cuff)

Cardiac Enzymes

Coronary Catheterization

--- Myocardial Fractional Flow Reserve (FFRmyo)

--- IVUS (IntraVascular UltraSound)

CARDIAC PHARMACEUTICAL AGENTS

The followings are Medication s commonly prescribed in cardiology:

Antiarrhythmic Agents

--- Type I ( Sodium Channel blockers)

-- Type Ia

- Quinidine

-- Type Ib

- Lidocaine

- Phenytoin

-- Type Ic

- Propafenone

--- Type II ( Beta Blocker s)

-- Metoprolol

--- Type III ( Potassium channel blockers)

-- Amiodarone

-- Dofetilide

-- Sotalol

--- Type IV (slow Calcium Channel Blocker s)

-- Diltiazem

-- Verapamil

--- Type V

-- Adenosine

-- Digoxin

ACE Inhibitor s

--- Captopril

--- Enalapril

--- Perindopril

--- Ramipril

Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist s

--- Candesartan

--- Eprosartan

--- Irbesartan

--- Losartan

--- Telmisartan

--- Valsartan

Beta Blocker

Calcium Channel Blocker

SEE ALSO

Interventional Cardiology

Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology

Heart Failure Society Of America

EXTERNAL LINKS

European Society of Cardiology

U.S. National Institute of Health (NIH)

American College of Cardiology

American Heart Association

National Heart Foundation Australia

Coronary heart disease

Virtual Cardiac Centre - latest comprehensive information on the field of Cardiology.

Cardiovascular Physiology - comprehensive explanation of basic concepts in cardiology.