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The Light ing system of a Motor Vehicle consists of lighting and signalling devices mounted or integrated to the front, sides and rear of the vehicle. The purpose of this system is to provide Illumination for the driver to operate the vehicle safely after dark, to increase the visibility of the vehicle, and to display information about the vehicle's presence, position, size, direction of travel, and driver's intentions regarding direction and speed of travel. FORWARD ILLUMINATION Forward illumination is provided by main- ("high") and dipped- ("low") beam Headlamp s, which may be augmented by auxiliary fog lamps, driving lamps, and/or cornering lamps. Headlamps See Also: Headlamp Dipped beam (low beam, passing beam, meeting beam) Dipped-beam (low-beam, passing-beam, meeting-beam) headlamps provide a distribution of light designed to provide adequate forward and lateral illumination with limits on light directed towards the eyes of other road users, to control glare. This beam is intended for use whenever other vehicles are present ahead. The international ECE Regulations for Filament Headlamps and for High-intensity Discharge Headlamps specify a beam with a sharp, asymmetric cutoff preventing significant amounts of light from being cast into the eyes of drivers of preceding or oncoming cars. Control of glare is less strict in the North American SAE beam standard contained in FMVSS / CMVSS 108 . Main beam (high beam, driving beam, full beam) Main-beam (high-beam, driving-beam) headlamps provide a bright, centre-weighted distribution of light with no particular control of light directed towards other road users' eyes. As such, they are only suitable for use when alone on the road, as the glare they produce will blind other drivers. International ECE Regulations , permit higher-intensity high-beam headlamps than are allowed under North American Regulations . Auxiliary lamps Driving lamps "Driving lamp" is a term deriving from the early days of nighttime driving, when it was relatively rare to encounter an opposing vehicle. Only on those rare occasions when one did briefly face opposing traffic would one use the dimmed or "passing beam". The full or "bright" beam was therefore known as the driving beam, and this terminology is still found in international cars, and are occasionally fitted to production vehicles derived from or imitating such cars. They are common in countries with large stretches of unlit roads, or in regions such as the Nordic Countries where the period of daylight is short during winter. Some countries may pose limitations on usage of driving lamps or any auxiliary lamps. For example, in Russia it is allowed to install no more than three pairs of lights (including standard lights installed on factory) on a road-legal vehicle. There are limitations on location of the lights too. Fog lamps Front fog lamps provide a wide, bar-shaped beam of light with a sharp cutoff at the top, and are generally aimed and mounted low. SAE Standard J583, "Front Fog Lamps" ECE R19, "Front Fog Lamps, Part 1" ECE R19, "Front Fog Lamps, Part 2" They may be either white or Selective Yellow . They are intended for use at low speed to increase the illumination directed towards the road surface and verges in conditions of poor visibility due to Rain , Fog , Dust or Snow . As such, they are often most effectively used in place of dipped-beam headlamps, reducing the glareback from fog or falling snow, although the legality varies by jurisdiction of using front fog lamps without low beam headlamps. Use of the front fog lamps when visibility is not seriously reduced is often prohibited (for example in the United Kingdom ), as they can cause increased glare to other drivers, particularly in wet pavement conditions, as well as harming the driver's own vision due to excessive foreground illumination. |
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