Information AboutBracket |
| CATEGORIES ABOUT BRACKET | |
| punctuation | |
| mathematical notation | |
| typography | |
For technical reasons, Brackets are Punctuation marks used in pairs to set apart or interject text within other text. With respect to Computer Science , the term is sometimes said to only strictly apply to the square or box type. Free Online Dictionary of Computing There are four main types of brackets:
All these forms may be used according to Typographical conventions that may vary from publication to publication and may vary even more from language to language. Some typical uses in English texts follow. USAGE In addition to referring to the class of all types of brackets, the unqualified word ''bracket'' is most commonly used to refer to a specific type of bracket. In modern American usage this is usually the square bracket, whereas in modern British usage it is usually the parenthesis (round bracket). In American usage, parentheses are usually considered separately from other brackets, and calling them "brackets" at all is unusual, even though they serve a similar function. In more formal usage, "parenthesis" may refer to the entire bracketed text, not just to the punctuation marks used {so all the text in this curly bracket may be said to be a parenthesis}. Types of brackets Parentheses ( ) Parentheses (singular '''parenthesis''')—sometimes called '''round brackets''', '''curved brackets''', '''oval brackets''', or just '''brackets'''; or, colloquially, '''parens''', or '''fingernails'''— contain material that could be omitted without destroying or altering the meaning of a sentence. In formal writing, parentheses may be used to add supplementary information, such as "Sen. Edward Kennedy (D., Massachusetts) spoke at length." They can also indicate shorthand for "either singular or plural" for nouns—e.g., "the claim(s)". In literature and informal writing, parenthetical phrases have been used extensively in stream of consciousness literature. Of particular note is the southern American author ). In most writing, overuse of parentheses is usually a sign of a badly structured text. A milder effect may be obtained by using a pair of commas as the Delimiter . If the sentence contains commas for other purposes, visual confusion may result. Historically, parentheses have been used where the Slash is currently used—that is, in order to depict alternatives, such as "parenthesis)(parentheses". Examples of this usage can be seen in editions of '' Fowler’s ''. Parentheses may also be nested (with one set (such as this) inside another set). This is not commonly used in formal writing (though sometimes other brackets square brackets will be used for one or more inner set of parentheses other words, ''secondary'' {or even ''tertiary''} phrases can be found within the main sentence ). Any punctuation inside parentheses or other brackets is independent from the rest of the text: "Mrs. Pennyfarthing (What? Yes, that was her name!) was my landlady". In this usage, the explanatory text in the parentheses is a Parenthesis . (It is most common for the parenthesized text to be within a single sentence, but not uncommon for an entire sentence, or even several sentences, of supplemental material to be in parenthesis. In this case, even the final Full Stop would be within the parentheses. Again, the parenthesis implies that the meaning and flow of the text as a whole would be unchanged were the parenthesized sentences removed.) In . ]] Box brackets or square brackets Square brackets enclose explanatory or missing material, especially in quoted text. For example, "I appreciate it [the honor , but I must refuse". Or, "the future of Psionics definition is in doubt". The bracketed expression (Latin for "thus") is used to indicate errors that are "thus in the original"; a bracketed Ellipsis [... is often used to indicate deleted material; bracketed comments indicate when original text has been modified for clarity: "I'd like to thank unimportant people and my parentals for their love, tolerance [... and ''assistance'' added'' ". In Mathematics , square brackets are used in a variety of notations, including standard notations for Intervals , Commutator s, the Lie Bracket , and the Iverson Bracket . Square brackets are also sometimes used as parentheses within parentheses (alternating between parentheses and square brackets according to nesting level, curly braces are often used instead for deeper nesting (as mentioned earlier) ). With the International Phonetic Alphabet , square brackets indicate a Phonetic transcription (as opposed to a Phonemic one). In Chemistry , square brackets can also be used to represent the Concentration of a Chemical Substance , or to denote a Complex Ion . In Architecture , square brackets can be used to emphasize Cool words, such as or [cityscape . It can also be used to make the layout generally look more cool and modern. In Proofreading , square brackets (called ''move-left symbols'' or ''move right symbols'') are added to the sides of text to indicate changes in indentation:
Angle brackets are infrequently used to denote dialogue that is thought instead of spoken, such as: : In Linguistics , angle brackets indicate Orthography , as in "The English word is spelled cat." In Textual Criticism , and hence in many editions of poorly transmitted works, angle brackets denote sections of the text which are illegible or otherwise lost; the editor will often insert his own reconstruction where possible within them. Single and double angle brackets () or pairs of the appropriate comparison operators (<<, >>) are sometimes used instead of Guillemets (, ) (used as Quotation Mark s in many languages) when the proper Glyph s are not available. The mathematical or logical symbols for greater-than (>) and less-than (<) are Inequality operators, and when used as such, are not punctuation marks. , and and or and for Horizontal printing. In Comic Book s, angle brackets are often used to mark dialogue that has notionally been translated from another language. Angle brackets can also be used to indicate an action or status (eg. IN COMPUTING
Also, in many Computer Language s:
Layout styles In normal text an opening bracket is not put at the end of a line, and a closing bracket not at the beginning. However, in computer code this is often done to aid readability. For example, a bracketed list of items separated by semicolons may be written with the brackets on separate lines, and the items, followed by the semicolon, each on one line. For example, the CSS code h1 { font-weight: bold; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14pt } may also be written h1 { font-weight: bold; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14pt } See Indent Style . IN MATHEMATICS See Also: Bracket (mathematics) In addition to the use of Parentheses to specify the Order Of Operations , both parentheses and square brackets are used to denote an Interval . The notation
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