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The Bolivarian Circles are a loosely-knit political and social organization of that are now considered the base of the Participatory Democracy . INTERNAL STRUCTURE Chávez organized these circles, which he cites as examples of Grassroots and Participatory Democracy . The circles themselves were purportedly decentralized, made autonomous from any central government oversight, and instead organized on the neighborhood and block level. In 2001 , however, Chávez authorized then-Vice President Diosdado Cabello to financially support them, which makes Chávez's opponents skeptical of any claims of autonomy.Morsbach, Greg. (''BBC'', 12 Jun 2002). "Chavez accused of fostering militia links" . Retrieved 13 Jun 2006. WORK Improvement projects undertaken by Bolivarian Circles include health, public transportation, and urban clean-ups. Sanchez, Alvaro ("Venezuela Analysis," 30 Sep 2003). "Bolivarian Circles: A Grassroots Movement" . Retrieved 14 Nov 2005. Prior to 2003 the circles took part in various protests against the political opposition. In January 2002 Bolivarian Circles blocked the entrance of the newspaper office El Nacional for over an hour. Numerous journalist been threatened, berated, and abused physically and verbally, particularly by members of the Bolivarian Circles. Bolivian Circles took also part on demonstrations which partly became violent against the 2002 Coup Attempt .http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/home/opendoc.htm?tbl=RSDCOI&page=research&id=3dec9b4b4 UNHCR BOLIVARIAN CIRCLES BEYOND VENEZUELA Pro-Chávez Bolivarian circles are not exclusive to Venezuela—similar circles of supporters remain widespread in Europe, North America and Australia {Link without Title} Bolivarian Circles in Australia OATH In 2001 , Chávez sworn all official Bolivarian Circles at the first national reunion under the following oath: BOLIVARIAN YOUTH The Bolivarian Youth is a revolutionary Anti-capitalist youth movement inspired by Bolivarian with varying approaches towards democracy. Differing from region, local organizations and individual beliefs the ideology differs between Participatory Democracy through to Marxism-Leninism . The claimed purpose is to educate and mobilize revolutionary minded young people. Just like the circles the Bolivarian Youth movement is widespread in South and North America, Europe and Australia. The Bolivarian Youth is usually born from local Bolivarian Circles except in Colombia where they are mainly established and managed by the FARC-EP . www.bolivarianyouth.com hosted by a local group in Florida www.farcep.org Bolivarian Youth in Colombia established by the FARC CRITICISM According to a study by Brigham Young University scholars, the "Bolivarian circles" also help the government identify opponents, who are then denied services.Dependent Civil: Society: The Círculos Bolivarianos in Venezuela, Kirk A. Hawkins Brigham Young UniversityDavid R. Hansen Brigham Young University found at, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/latin_american_research_review/v041/41.1hawkins.html ''Wall Street Journal'' (Eastern edition). New York, N.Y.: Jun 16, 2006. p. A1.. SEE ALSO NOTES EXTERNAL LINKS
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