Information AboutBangalore |
Bangalore (officially '''Bengalūru''') (; and in English ) is the capital of the India n State of Karnataka . Located on the Deccan Plateau in the south-eastern part of Karnataka, Bangalore has an estimated metropolitan population of 6.5 Million (65 Lakh ), making it India's Third-most Populous City and Sixth-largest Metropolitan Area . Though historical references to the city predate 900, a written history of continuous settlement exists only from 1537. In that year, Kempe Gowda I , whom many regard as the architect of modern Bangalore, built a mud fort in the city and established it as a province of the Vijayanagara Empire . During the British Raj , Bangalore developed as a centre for colonial rule in South India. The establishment of the Bangalore Cantonment brought in large numbers of migrants from Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and North India for developing and maintaining the infrastructure of the cantonment. After India gained 2007 Home to prestigious colleges and research institutions, the city has the second-highest literacy rate among the metropolitan cities in the nation. However, as a large and growing metropolis in the Developing World , Bangalore continues to struggle with problems such as air pollution, traffic congestion, and crime. On 2006 On September 27 , 2006 , the Bangalore Mahanagara Palike (BMP) passed a resolution to implement the proposed name change, pending approvals from the Government of Karnataka and citizens of the city.2 On October 7 , 2006 , the Government Of Karnataka accepted this resolution and decided to officially implement the name change on November 1 , 2006 .3 ETYMOLOGY The name Bangalore is an 2004 A popular or "Ven-kai", also known as the Indian Kino Tree (Pterocarpus marsupium). "History of Bangalore" . Bangalore Guide 2006. Bangalore Guide HISTORY See Also: History of Bangalore After centuries of the rule of the Western Gangas, Bangalore was captured by the Cholas in 1024 in a conquest that extended the chola empire upto the river ganga which later passed on to the Chalukya-cholas in 1970. In 1116 the Hoysala Empire , overthrew the Cholas extended its rule over Bangalore. Modern Bangalore was founded by a Vassal of the Vijayanagara Empire , Kempe Gowda I , who built a mud fort and a Nandi Temple in the proximity of modern Bangalore in 1537. Kempe Gowda referred to the new town as his "gandu bhoomi" or "Land of Heroes". "About Bangalore - History" . Department of IT and Biotechnology. 2006. Government of Karnataka. Within the fort, the town was divided into smaller divisions called petes (). The town had two main streets: Chickkapete Street , which ran east-west, and Doddapete Street, which ran north-south. Their intersection formed the Doddapete Square — the heart of Bangalore. Kempe Gowda's successor, Kempe Gowda II, built four famous towers that marked Bangalore's boundary.Vagale, Uday Kumar. . Digital Libraries and Archives. 2006. Virginia Tech. 27 April 2004 . During the Vijayanagara rule, Bangalore was also referred to as "Devarāyanagara" and "Kalyānapura" ("Auspicious City"). After the fall of the Vijayanagara Empire, Bangalore's rule changed hands several times. In 1638, a large Bijapur army led by Ranadulla Khan and accompanied by Shahji Bhonsle defeated Kempe Gowda III and Bangalore was given to Shahji as a Jagir . In 1687, the Mughal general Kasim Khan defeated Ekoji, son of Shahji, and then sold Bangalore to Chikkadevaraja Wodeyar (1673–1704) of Mysore for 300,000 rupees.5"The Mughal Throne", Abraham Eraly, Phoenix, London, Great Britain, 2004 (ISBN 0-7538-1758-6), Incidental Data, page 538. After the death of Krishnaraja Wodeyar II in 1759, Hyder Ali , Commander-in-Chief of the Mysore Army, proclaimed himself the De Facto ruler of Mysore. The kingdom later passed to Hyder Ali's son Tippu Sultan , known as the Tiger of Mysore. Bangalore was eventually incorporated into the British East India n Empire after Tippu Sultan was defeated and killed in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War (1799). The British returned administrative control of the Bangalore "pete" to the Maharaja of Mysore, choosing only to retain the Cantonment under their jurisdiction. The 'Residency' of Mysore State was first established at Mysore in 1799 and later shifted to Bangalore in the year 1804. It was abolished in the year 1843 only to be revived in 1881 at Bangalore and finally to be closed down in 1947 with the departure of the British. The British, found it easier to recruit employees in the Madras Presidency and relocate them to cantonment area during this period. The Kingdom of Mysore relocated its capital from Mysore city to Bangalore in 1831. "Mysore (CAPITAL)" . Encyclopedia Britannica. 1911 ed. Two important developments during this period contributed to the rapid growth of the city: the introduction of telegraph connections and a rail connection to Madras in 1864. In the 19th century, Bangalore essentially became a Twin City , with the major part consisting of the "pete's", whose residents were predominantly Kannadiga s, and the "cantonment" where the British stationed itself and created a predominantly Tamils population who were employed by the British. Bangalore was hit by a Plague epidemic in 1898 that dramatically reduced its population. New extensions in Malleshwaram and Basavanagudi were developed in the north and south of the pete. Telephone lines were laid to help co-ordinate anti-plague operations, and a health officer was appointed to the city in 1898. In 1906, Bangalore became the first city in India to have electricity, powered by the Hydroelectric plant situated in Shivanasamudra . Bangalore's reputation as the Garden City of India began in 1927 with the Silver Jubilee celebrations of the rule of Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV . Several projects such as the construction of parks, public buildings and hospitals were instituted to beautify the city. After Indian independence in August 1947, Bangalore remained in the new Mysore State of which the Maharaja of Mysore was the Rajapramukh . Public sector employment and education provided opportunities for Kannadigas from the rest of the state to migrate to the city. Bangalore experienced rapid growth in the decades 1941–51 and 1971–81 , which saw the arrival of many immigrants from northern Karnataka and . By 1961 Bangalore had become the sixth largest city in India, with a population of 1,207,000.Digital Libraries and Archives In the decades that followed, Bangalore's manufacturing base continued to expand with the establishment of private companies such as Motor Industries Company (MICO; a subsidiary of Robert Bosch GmbH ), which set up its manufacturing plant in the city. Bangalore experienced a boom in its Real Estate market in the 1980s and 1990s, spurred by capital investors from other parts of the country who converted Bangalore's large plots and colonial Bungalow s to multi-storied apartments.Benjamin, Solomon. .Environment&Urbanization Vol 12 No 1 2006. United Nations Public Administration. 1 April 2000 . In 1985, Texas Instruments became the first Multinational to set up base in Bangalore. Other Information Technology companies followed suit and by the end of the 20th century, Bangalore had firmly established itself as the Silicon Valley of India. GEOGRAPHY See Also: Bangalore Metropolitan Environment Bangalore lies in the southeast of the South India n state of Karnataka. It is in the heart of the Mysore Plateau (a region of the larger Precambrian Deccan Plateau ) at an average elevation of 920 M (3,018 Feet ). It is positioned at and covers an area of 741 Km &2 (286 Mi &2). The majority of the city of Bangalore lies in the Bangalore Urban district of Karnataka and the surrounding rural areas are a part of the Bangalore Rural district. The Government Of Karnataka has carved out the new district of Ramanagaram from the old Bangalore Rural district. The topology of Bangalore is flat except for a central Ridge running NNE - SSW . The highest point is Doddabettahalli , which is 962 m (3,156 ft) and lies on this ridge. "Studyarea- Bangalore" . Centre for Ecological Sciences. 2006. Indian Institute of Science. No major rivers run through the city, though the 2004 In the 16th century, Kempe Gowda I constructed many lakes to meet the town's water requirements. The Kempambudhi Kere, since overrun by modern development, was prominent among those lakes. In the earlier half of 20th century, the Nandi Hills 2003 . However, Bangalore sometimes does face water shortages, especially during the summer season in the years of low rainfall. A Random Sampling study of the Air Quality Index (AQI) of twenty stations within the city indicated scores that ranged from 76 to 314, suggesting heavy to severe air pollution around areas of traffic concentration.. Bangalore Metropolitan Rapid Transport Corporation Limited.. 2006. Government of Karnataka. 2005. Bangalore has a handful of freshwater lakes and Water Tank s, the largest of which are Madivala tank, Hebbal lake, Ulsoor lake and Sankey Tank . Groundwater occurs in Silt y to Sand y layers of the Alluvial sediments. The Peninsular Gneissic Complex (PGC) is the most dominant rock unit in the area and includes Granite s, Gneiss es and Migmatite s, while the soils of Bangalore consist of red Laterite and red, fine Loam y to Clay ey soils.soils Vegetation in the city is primarily in the form of large Deciduous Canopy and minority Coconut trees. Though Bangalore has been classified as a part of the seismic zone II (a stable zone), it has experienced quakes of magnitude as high as 4.5.7 |
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