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Autism is one of the five autism spectrum disorders. Of the other four autism spectrum disorders, Asperger's Syndrome is closest to autism in signs and likely causes; Rett Syndrome and Childhood Disintegrative Disorder share several signs with autism but may have unrelated causes; finally, Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS) is diagnosed when the criteria are not met for a more specific disorder.1 Unlike autism, Asperger's has no significant delay in Language Development .2 The terminology of autism can be bewildering, with autism, Asperger's, and PDD-NOS sometimes called the ''autistic disorders'',3 whereas autism itself is often called ''autistic disorder'', ''childhood autism'', or ''infantile autism''. ASD in turn is a subset of the broader autism Phenotype (BAP), which describes individuals who may not have ASD but do have some autistic-like Traits , such as avoiding eye contact.4 One Review estimated a prevalence of at least 1.3 per 1,000 for autism and 6.0–6.5 per 1,000 for ASD; PDD-NOS was the vast majority of ASD, Asperger's was about 0.3 per 1,000 and the atypical forms Childhood Disintegrative Disorder and Rett Syndrome were much rarer.5 AUTISTIC TRAITS Behaviorally, certain characteristics identify the autism spectrum. The type, severity and/or number of autistic traits present determines the severity of Autism in the individual. These autistic traits may be beneficial for some disciplines like Science , Mathematics , Engineering and Computer Programming . Some autistic individuals might show a marked proficiency in rote memorization which may help learn the foundation of these subjects; however, the exceptionally good aptitude (in these subjects) of high functioning autistic spectrum persons may be due to their ability to readily identify patterns and apply them consistently to new situations outside of established knowledge or teaching. These Savant skills, although popularly considered to be a major part of autistic disorders, are evident only in about 5% of autistic individuals (Klin and Volkmar, 1997). ADHD AND AUTISM Some research suggests a possible genetic and behavioral connection between ADHD and autism. {Link without Title} REFERENCES EXTERNAL LINKS
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