| Armorica |
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ANCIENT ARMORICA and Carnuteni as having treaties with Rome ; the Neldi and Secusiani as having some measure of independence; and the Boii , Senones , Aulerci (both the Eburovices and Cenomani ), the Parisii , Tricases , Andicavi , Viducasses , Bodiocasses , Venelli , Coriosvelites , Diablinti , Rhedones , Turones , and the Atseui . Trade between Armorica and Britain, described by , continued resistance to Roman rule in Armorica was still being supported by Celtic aristocrats in Britain , Julius Caesar led two invasions of Britain in 55 and 54 in response. Some hint of the complicated cultural web that bound Armorica and the Britanniae (the "Britains" of Pliny) is given by Caesar when he describes Diviciacus of the Suessiones, as "the most powerful ruler in the whole of Gaul, who had control not only over a large area of this region but also of Britain ('' De Bello Gallico '' ii.4). Archaeological sites along the south coast of England, notably at Hengistbury Head , show connections with Armorica as far east as the Solent . This 'prehistoric' connection of Cornwall and Brittany remained very close as long as Cornish (a dialect of Breton) was spoken. Still farther East, however, the typical Continental connections of the Britannic coast were with the lower Seine valley instead. Archeology has not yet been as enlightening in Iron-Age Armorica as the coinage, which has been surveyed by Philip de Jersey."Coinage in Iron Age Armorica", ''Studies in Celtic Coinage'', 2 (1994). Under the Roman Empire , Armorica was administered as part of the province of Gallia Lugdunensis , which had its capital in Lyon s. When the Roman Province s were reorganized in the 4th Century , Armorica was placed under the second and third divisions of Lugdunensis. After the legions retreated from Britannia (407) the local elite there expelled the civilian magistrates in the following year; Armorica too rebelled in the 430s and again in the 440s , throwing out the ruling officials, as the Romano-Britons had done. At the Battle Of Chalons in 451 (also called the Battle Of The Catalaunian Fields or the Battle of the Catalun) a Roman coalition led by General Flavius Aëtius and the Visigothic King Theodoric I clashed violently with the Hunnic alliance commanded by King Attila. Jordanes lists Aëtius' allies as including Armoricans and other Celtic or German tribes (Getica 36.191). The "Brittany" peninsula came to be settled with Britons from Britain during the poorly documented period of the 5th-7th centuries. These settlers, whether refugees or not, made their presence felt in the naming of the westernmost, Atlantic-facing provinces of Armorica, Cornouaille (" Cornwall ") and Domnonea (" Devon "). These settlements are associated with leaders like Saints Samson Of Dol and Pol Aurelian , among the "founder saints" of Brittany. Questions of the relations between the Celtic languages of Britain— Cornish and Welsh — and Celtic Breton are far from settled. There is plenty of evidence in the languages and so on of much continuity in those British-speaking areas from before Roman periods. With western Armorica having already evolved into '' Brittany '', the east was the ''Breton March'' under a Frankish Marquis . Early Carolingian lords were Roland and Guy, but Nominoe, Duke Of Brittany and his family conquered this region, which became "Brittania Nova". Berengar Of Rennes was the first of a string of French rulers resident within Brittany proper. POPULAR CULTURE
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