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see History Of Armenia (Moses Of Chorene) for the historiographical work. The history of Armenia in the wake of the Iron Age kingdom of Urartu begins with the Orontid Dynasty , which established itself a around the time of the Scythian and Median invasion in the 6th century BC. Following Persian and Macedonian rule, the Artaxiad dynasty from 190 BC gave rise to the kingdom of Greater Armenia which rose to the peak of its influence under Tigranes II before falling under Roman rule. In 301 , Arsacid Armenia was the first sovereign nation to accept Christianity as a state religion. The Armenian Apostolic Church later became a great defender of Armenian Nationalism . The Armenians later fell under Byzantine , Persians , and Islamic hegemony, but reinstated their independence with the Bagratuni Dynasty kingdom of Armenia, rival to nearby Atropatene . After the fall of the kingdom in 1045 , and the subsequent Seljuk conquest of Armenia in 1064 , the Armenians established a kingdom in Cilicia , where they established cordial relations with the Europeans and prolonged their existence as an independent entity to 1375 . Greater Armenia was later divided between the Ottoman Empire and Russia . Armenians then suffered in the Genocide that was inflicted on them by the Ottomans. As a result, 1.5 million Armenians were killed, and the rest of the Western Armenians were Dispersed throughout the world via Syria and Lebanon . Armenia, from then on corresponding to much of Eastern Armenia , once again gained independence in 1918 , with the establishment of the Democratic Republic Of Armenia , and then in 1991 , with the Republic Of Armenia . PREHISTORY See Also: prehistoric Armenia The Armenian Highland shows traces of settlement from the Neolithic era. The Shulaveri-Shomu Culture of the central Transcaucasus regionis the earliest known prehistoric culture in the area, carbon-dated to roughly 6000 - 4000 BC. Another early culture in the area is the Kura-Araxes Culture , assigned to the period of ca. 4000 - 2200 BC, succeeded by the Trialeti Culture (ca. 2200 - 1500 BC). The earliest ethnonyms of the area are known from Hittite sources of the Late Bronze Age, such as the Hayasa-Azzi or the Mushki . Later came the kingdom of Urartu , which existed from about 1000 BC , or earlier, until 585 BC . LEGENDARY HISTORY The legendary founder of Armenia was Haik , a chieftain who called on his kinsmen to unite into a single nation, thus forming Armenia. Ararat was the mountain around which was centered Urartu and subsequent kingdoms, and is still considered sacred by the Armenians. The original Armenian name for the country was Hayq, later Hayastan, translated as the land of Haik , and consisting of the name Haik and the Iranian suffix '-stan' (land). According to legend, Haik was a great-great-grandson of Noah (son of Togarmah, who was a son of Gomer, a son of Noah's son, Yafet), and according to tradition, a forefather of all Armenians. Mount Ararat, a sacred mountain for the Armenian people, rising in the center of the Armenian Highland as its highest peak, is traditionally considered the landing place of Noah 's Ark. EARLY HISTORY Between 1500 - 1200 BC, the Hayasa-Azzi existed in the western half of the Armenian Highland, often clashing with the Hittite Empire. Between 1200 - 800 BC, much of Armenia was united under a confederation of kingdoms, which Assyrian sources called Nairi ("Land of Rivers" in Assyrian"). The Egyptians used Nairi for Mitanni, referring to the "Land of Rivers". Nairi was later absorbed into the Kingdom Of Urartu . Urartu Greek historiography suggests that Armenians moved from Phrygia to the territory of the kingdom of calls Armenians Phrygian colonists, and states that in the 5th century BC, when both Armenians and Phrygians served under Xerxes (during the reign of the Achaemenid Persian Empire), their costume and equipment were identical. A competing theory, suggested by Thomas Gamkrelidze , Vyacheslav V. Ivanov , and a number of other scholars, suggests that Armenians are native to the Armenian Highland, and comprised the population and the royal dynasty of Urartu. | ||
| Evolving As A Feudal Kingdom In The 9th Century, The , The New Armenian Capital, Was Constructed At The Kingdom's Apogee In | "http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/information/entry/964" class="copylinks">964 23 The royal capital at Ani held approximately 200,000 inhabitants and a reported "1001 churches" With the construction of Ani, Armenia became a populous and prosperous nation, exerting political and economic influence over surrounding states and nations Yet, Armenia was still a weak state, perched precariously between the rival Byzantine Empire and the Abbassid Caliphate Its existence depended on both of these states desiring the continuation of Bagratid Armenia as a buffer state, and Armenia itself being strong enough to maintain this status 230px]] |
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