| Arctic Convoys Of World War Ii |
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CONVOYS At first, the convoys were assembled and sailed from Iceland (usually off Hvalfjörður ) but after September 1942 they assembled and sailed from Loch Ewe in Scotland . The route was around occupied Norway to the Soviet ports and was particularly dangerous due to the proximity of German air, submarine and surface forces and also because of the likelihood of severe weather, the frequency of fog, the strong currents and the mixing of cold and warm waters which made ASDIC use difficult, Drift Ice , and the alternation between the difficulties of navigating and maintaining convoy cohesion in constant darkness or being attacked around-the-clock in constant daylight. Each convoy had ''two'' name-number identifiers, ''PQ The "Dervish" convoy assembled at Hvalfjörður and sailed on 21 August 1941. It arrived at its destination, was Captain JCK Dowding RNR . The escorts comprised the ocean minesweepers HMS ''Halcyon'' , ''Salamander'' and ''Harrier'' , the destroyers HMS ''Electra'' , ''Active'' and ''Impulsive'' and the anti-submarine trawlers HMS ''Hamlet'' , ''Macbeth'' and ''Ophelia'' . As evidence of Churchill's astute mastery of propaganda, on board ''Llanstephan Castle'' were two journalists and the artist, Felix Topolski . Four particular convoys are notable:
LIST OF ARCTIC CONVOYS ''To be completed'' 1941
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