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FIVE CRITERIA

Bowlby referred to attachment bonds as a specific type of a larger class of bonds that he and developmental psychologist Mary Ainsworth described as "affectional" bonds. Ainsworth (1989) established five criteria for affectional bonds between individuals, and a sixth criterion for attachment bonds:

#An affectional bond is persistent, not transitory.
#An affectional bond involves a particular person who is not interchangeable with anyone else.
#An affectional bond involves a relationship that is emotionally significant.
#The individual wishes to maintain proximity or contact with the person with whom he or she has an affectional tie.
#The individual feels sadness or distress at involuntary separation from the person.

A true attachment bond, however, has an additional criterion: the person seeks security and comfort in the relationship.


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