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In the Academy Awards' first year, for films released in 1927/28, there were two directing awards -- one for "Dramatic Direction" and one for "Comedy Direction." The Comedy Direction award was eliminated the next year and, indeed, the awards have overwhelmingly favored dramatic films ever since. The earliest years of the award are marked by inconsistency and confusion. In the Academy Awards' first year, actors and others such as cinematographers were nominated for all of their films produced during the qualifying period. However, since the directing award was for "directing" rather than "best director", it honored the director in association with only a single film -- thus Janet Gaynor has two Frank Borzage films listed after her Best Actress nomination, but only one of them earned Borzage a directing nomination. The second year, the directing award followed the others in listing all of a director's work during the qualifying period, resulting in Frank Lloyd being nominated for three of his films -- but, even more confusingly, only one of them was listed on the final award as the film for which he won. Finally, for the 1931 awards, this confusing system was replaced by the modern system in which a director is nominated for a single film. Many revered directors have never won the award, including Robert Altman (5 nominations), Ingmar Bergman (3 nominations), John Cassavetes (1 nomination), Charles Chaplin (1 nomination), Federico Fellini (4 nominations), Howard Hawks (1 nomination), Alfred Hitchcock (5 nominations), Stanley Kramer (3 nominations), Stanley Kubrick (4 nominations), Akira Kurosawa (1 nomination), Sergio Leone (0 nominations), Ernst Lubitsch (3 nominations), Sidney Lumet (4 nominations), David Lynch (3 nominations), Terence Malick (1 nomination), Arthur Penn (3 nominations), Ridley Scott (3 nominations), King Vidor (5 nominations), Peter Weir (4 nominations), George Lucas (2 nominations),and Orson Welles (1 nomination). Stephen Daldry has been nominated for both of his first two features without winning on either, a unique feat. A few films have won Best Picture without their directors being nominated, though only one since the early 1930s, '', director of the lone Comedy Direction winner '' Two Arabian Knights '', and Frank Lloyd, none of whose three 1929 directing nominees was a Best Picture nominee. No female director has ever won this award, and only three ( Jane Campion , Sofia Coppola , and Lina Wertmuller ) have ever been nominated. Though no one has won Best Actor and Best Director for the same film, winners Warren Beatty ('' Reds ''), Kevin Costner ('' Dances With Wolves ''), and Clint Eastwood ('' Unforgiven and Million Dollar Baby '') all directed themselves in performances which received acting nominations. Furthermore, nominees Laurence Olivier and Roberto Benigni directed their own Oscar-winning performances in '' Hamlet '' and '' Life Is Beautiful '', respectively. John Ford is the only director with four Best Director Oscars, followed by Frank Capra and William Wyler , with three Best Director Academy Awards apiece. Wyler has the most nominations, 12. Robert Altman , Clarence Brown , Alfred Hitchcock , and King Vidor are tied for the most nominations without a win, at five each. No Best Director winning film is lost, though the nominee '' The Patriot '' is lost and nominee '' Sorrell And Son '' is incomplete. '' Drag '' (one of the films for which Frank Lloyd was nominated but did not win in 1929) has long been presumed lost, though there are rumors of its survival, possibly only on videotape, and the Vitaphone discs of its soundtrack survive. The Comedy Direction winner, '' Two Arabian Knights '', was believed lost for many years but was preserved in the Howard Hughes archive and has been broadcast (along with another first-year nominee produced by Hughes and believed lost, '' The Racket '') on Turner Classic Movies . SUPERLATIVES LIST OF WINNERS AND NOMINEES Each Academy Award ceremony is listed chronologically below along with the winner of the Academy Award for Directing and the film associated with the award. In the column next to the winner of each award are the other nominees for best director. 1920s In the first year only, the award was separated into Dramatic Direction and Comedy Direction. 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s SEE ALSO
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