- September 13 , 509 BC — The Temple of Jupiter on Rome 's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the Ides of September .
- 509 BC– 27 BC — Republican period in Rome .
- 508 BC — Office of '' Pontifex Maximus '' created in Rome .
- 508 BC — Cleisthenes reorganizes Athens . He creats the Deme , a local unit to serve as the basis of his political system. Citizenship is tightly linked to the deme, for each deme keeps the roll of those within its jurisdiction, who are admitted to citizenship. He groups all the demes into 10 tribes, which thus form the link between the demes and the central government. The central government includes an assembly of all citizens and a new council of 500 members.
- 507 BC — Cleisthenes , Greek Reformer , takes power and increases Democracy .
- under Sun Tzu defeat the forces of Chu .
- 505 BC — First pair of Roman Consul s elected.
- December 4 , 502 BC — Solar Eclipse darkens Egypt . (computed, no clear historical record of observation)
- 502 BC — The Latin League defeats the Etruscan s under Lars Porsena at Aricia .
- 502 BC — Naxos rebels against Persia n domination sparking the Ionian Revolt .
- 501 BC — Cleisthenes reforms Democracy in Athens .
- 501 BC — Naxos is attacked by the Persian Empire .
- 501 BC — In response to threats by the Sabines , Rome creates the office of Dictator .
- 501 BC — Confucius is appointed governor of Chung-tu .
- 501 BC — Gadir (present-day Cádiz ) is captured by Carthage . (approximate date)
- 500 BC — Bantu -speaking people migrate into south-west Uganda from the West . (approximate date)
- 500 BC — Refugee s from Teos resettle Abdera .
- 500 BC — Darius I of Persia proclaims that Aramaic be the Official Language of the western half of his empire.
- 500 BC — Signifies the end of the Nordic Bronze Age civilization in Oscar Montelius periodization system and begins the Pre-Roman Iron Age .
- 500 BC — Foundation of first Republic in Vaishali Bihar India .
- 500 BC — World Population : 100,000,000an average of figures from different sources as listed at the US Census Bureau's Historical Estimates of World Population
- c. 500 BC — Vulca makes Apollo Of Veii . It is now at Museo Nazionale Di Villa Giulia , Rome .
- The Gutaii tribe began around this time, in Middle and Southern Africa .
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