- 800 - Charlemagne arrives at Rome to examine the alleged crimes of Pope Leo III .
- 1227 - Polish Prince Leszek I The White is assassinated at an assembly of Piast dukes at Gąsawa .
- 1248 - Conquest of Seville by the Christian troops under King Ferdinand III Of Castile .
- 1499 - Pretender to the throne Perkin Warbeck is hanged for reportedly attempting to escape from the Tower Of London . He had invaded England in 1497 , claiming to be the lost son of King Edward IV Of England .
- 1531 - The Second War Of Kappel results in the dissolution of the Protestant alliance in Switzerland .
- 1644 - '' Areopagitica '' by John Milton is published.
- 1654 - French mathematician, scientist, and religious philosopher Blaise Pascal experiences an intense mystical vision that marks him for life.
- 1844 - Independence of the Duke Of Schleswig-Holstein from Denmark .
- begins - Union forces led by General Ulysses S. Grant reinforce troops at Chattanooga, Tennessee and counter-attack Confederate troops.
- 1867 - The Manchester Martyrs were hanged in Manchester , England for rescuing two Irish men from jail.
- 1869 - In Dumbarton , Scotland , the Clipper '' Cutty Sark '' is launched - one of the last clippers ever to be built, and the only one still surviving to this day.
- 1876 - Corrupt Tammany Hall leader William Marcy Tweed (better known as Boss Tweed ) is delivered to authorities in New York City after being captured in Spain .
- 1889 - The first Jukebox goes into operation at the Palais Royale Saloon in San Francisco .
- 1890 - King William III Of The Netherlands dies without a male heir and a special law is passed to allow his daughter Princess Wilhelmina to become Queen.
- 1895 - The first ever Backyard Brawl rivalry match-up between Pitt Panthers and West Virginia Mountaineers takes place.
- 1903 - Colorado Governor James Peabody sends the state militia into the town of Cripple Creek to break up a miners' strike.
- 1903 - Opera tenor Enrico Caruso makes his American debut in New York City with the Metropolitan Opera in '' Rigoletto ''.
- 1914 - The US Army retreats from Mexico .
- 1934 - An Anglo-Ethiopian boundary commission in the Ogaden discovers an Italian garrison at Walwal , which lay well within Ethiopia n territory. This leads to the Abyssinia Crisis .
- 1936 - The first edition of '' Life '' is published.
- on Bismarckstraße in the Berlin neighborhood of Charlottenburg is destroyed. It will eventually be rebuilt in 1961 and be called the Deutsche Oper Berlin .
- 1943 - and Makin Atolls fall to American forces.
- 1946 - The Workers Party Of South Korea is founded.
- 1954 - For the first time, the Dow Jones Industrial Average closes above the peak it reached just before the 1929 Crash .
- 1955 - The Cocos Islands are transferred from the control of the United Kingdom to Australia .
- 1959 - General Charles De Gaulle , President Of France , declares in a speech in Strasbourg his vision for a " Europe , from the Atlantic to the Urals ."
- 1962 - United Airlines Flight 297 crashes killing all 17 on-board.
- 1963 - The first episode of the long-running Science Fiction Television series '' Doctor Who '', '' An Unearthly Child '', airs on the BBC .
- 1971 - The representatives of the People's Republic Of China first attended the United Nations , including the United Nations Security Council , as China 's representatives (See China And The United Nations ).
- 1976 - Apneist Jacques Mayol is the first man to reach a depth of 100 m undersea without breathing equipment.
- 1979 - In Dublin , Ireland , Irish Republican Army member Thomas McMahon is sentenced to life in prison for the assassination of Lord Mountbatten .
- 1980 - A series of Earthquake s in southern Italy kills approximately 4,800 people.
- signs the top secret National Security Decision Directive 17 (NSDD-17), giving the Central Intelligence Agency the authority to recruit and support Contra rebels in Nicaragua .
- 1984 - Boston College quarterback Doug Flutie throws a game-winning 48-yard Hail Mary Pass to Gerard Phelan to defeat the University Of Miami Hurricanes 47-45. It is one of the most famous plays in American college Football history.
- 1985 - Gunmen hijack EgyptAir Flight 648 while en route from Athens to Cairo . When the plane lands in Malta , Egypt ian commandos storm the Hijacked jetliner, but 60 people die in the raid.
- 1990 - The first all woman expedition to the South Pole (3 Americans, 1 Japanese and 12 Russians), sets off from Antarctica on the 1st leg of a 70 day, 1287 kilometre ski trek.
- 1993 - Rachel Whiteread wins both the £20,000 Turner Prize award for best British modern artist and the £40,000 K Foundation Art Award for the worst artist of the year.
- 1996 - Ethiopian Airlines Flight 961 is hijacked, then crashes into the Indian Ocean off the coast of Comoros after running out of fuel, killing 123.
- 1996 - The Republic Of Angola officially joins the World Trade Organization .
- 1998 - Agreement between Cambodia n Prime Minister Hun Sen and his rival, prince Norodom Ranariddh .
- 2003 - Georgia n president Eduard Shevardnadze resigns following weeks of mass protests over flawed elections.
- 2005 - Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf , elected President Of Liberia , is the first woman to lead an Africa n country.
- 2006 - Sadr City Bombing attacks kill at least 215 Iraqis.
- 912 - Otto I The Great , Holy Roman Emperor (d. 973 )
- 1221 - King Alfonso X Of Castile (d. 1284 )
- 1402 - Jean De Dunois , French soldier (d. 1468 )
- 1417 - William FitzAlan, 16th Earl Of Arundel , English politician (d. 1487 )
- 1553 - Prospero Alpini , Italian physician and botanist (d. 1617 )
- 1616 - John Wallis , English mathematician (d. 1703 )
- 1632 - Jean Mabillon , French palaeographer and diplomat (d. 1707 )
- 1641 - Anthonie Heinsius , Dutch statesman (d. 1720 )
- 1705 - Thomas Birch , English historian (d. 1766 )
- 1715 - Pierre Charles Le Monnier , French astronomer (d. 1799 )
- 1718 - Edward Teach or ' Black Beard ' famous pirate
- 1719 - Spranger Barry , Irish actor (d. 1777 )
- 1749 - Edward Rutledge , U.S. statesman (d. 1800 )
- 1760 - François-Noël Babeuf , French revolutionary (d. 1797 )
- 1785 - Jan Roothaan , Dutch priest (d. 1853 )
- 1804 - Franklin Pierce , 14th President Of The United States (d. 1869 )
- 1820 - Isaac Todhunter , British mathematician (d. 1884 )
- 1837 - Johannes Diderik Van Der Waals , Dutch physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1923 )
- 1859 - Billy The Kid , American outlaw (d. 1881 (?))
- 1860 - Hjalmar Branting , Prime Minister Of Sweden , and Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1925 )
- 1861 - Konstantin Korovin , Russian painter (d. 1939 )
- 1864 - Henry Bourne Joy , American automobile executive (d. 1936 )
- 1869 - Valdemar Poulsen , Danish engineer (d. 1942 )
- 1875 - Anatoly Lunacharsky , Russian literary critic and politician (d. 1933 )
- 1876 - Manuel De Falla , Spanish composer (d. 1946 )
- 1883 - José Clemente Orozco , Mexican painter (d. 1949 )
- 1887 - Eduardo Corrochio , Spanish-born dancer (d. 1943 )
- 1887 - Boris Karloff , British actor (d. 1969 )
- 1888 - Harpo Marx , American comedian (d. 1964 )
- 1890 - El Lissitzky , Russian artist and architect (d. 1941 )
- 1892 - Erté , French artist (d. 1990 )
- 1897 - Nirad C. Chaudhuri , Indian writer (d. 1999 )
- 1897 - Karl Gebhardt , Nazi doctor (d. 1948 )
- 1902 - Victor Jory , Canadian actor (d. 1982 )
- 1907 - Lars Leksell , Swedish physician (d. 1986 )
- 1908 - Nelson S. Bond , American science fiction writer (d. 2006 )
- 1909 - Nigel Tranter , British historian and writer (d. 2000 )
- 1912 - George O'Hanlon , American actor (d. 1989 )
- 1914 - Roger Avon , Durham actor (d. 1998 )
- 1915 - John Dehner , American actor (d. 1992 )
- 1917 - Michael Gough , English actor
- 1920 - Paul Celan , Romanian-born German poet (d. 1970 )
- 1921 - Fred Buscaglione , Italian singer and actor (d. 1960 )
- 1922 - Manuel Fraga Iribarne , president of Spanish Galicia
- 1923 - R.L. Burnside , American musician (d. 2005 )
- 1923 - Billy Haughton , American harness driver and trainer (d. 1986 )
- 1924 - Paula Raymond , American actress (d. 2003 )
- 1924 - Colin Macmillan Turnbull , British-born anthropologist (d. 1994 )
- 1925 - Johnny Mandel , American songwriter
- 1925 - José Napoleón Duarte , President Of El Salvador (d. 1990 )
- 1926 - Sathya Sai Baba , Indian guru and philosopher
- 1927 - Guy Davenport , American author, artist, and scholar
- 1929 - Hal Lindsey , American evangelist and Christian writer
- 1930 - Jack McKeon , American baseball manager
- 1931 - Dervla Murphy , Irish traveller and author
- 1931 - Gloria Lynne , American singer
- 1933 - Krzysztof Penderecki , Polish composer
- 1934 - Robert Towne , American writer, director, producer, and actor
- 1934 - Lew Hoad , Australian tennis player (d. 1994 )
- 1935 - Vladislav Volkov , Soviet cosmonaut (d. 1971 )
- 1936 - Robert Barnard , British mystery writer
- 1938 - Esko Nikkari , Finnish actor
- 1939 - Betty Everett , American singer (d. 2001 )
- 1940 - Luis Tiant , Cuban baseball player
- 1941 - Franco Nero , Italian actor
- 1942 - Susan Anspach , American actress
- 1943 - Andrew Goodman , American civil rights activist (d. 1964 )
- 1943 - Sue Nicholls (The Honourable Susan Frances Harmer Nicholls), British actress
- 1944 - Joe Eszterhas , Hungarian-born film producer and writer
- 1944 - James Toback , American writer and director
- 1945 - Keith Hampshire , English singer-songwriter
- 1945 - Steve Landesberg , American actor
- 1945 - Dennis Nilsen , Scottish serial killer
- 1946 - Bobby Rush , American politician
- 1946 - Giorgos Koudas , Greek footballer
- 1946 - Diana Quick , English actress
- 1950 - Chuck Schumer , American politician
- 1951 - David Rappaport , English actor (d. 1990 )
- 1953 - Francis Cabrel , French singer
- 1954 - Bruce Hornsby , American musician
- 1954 - Glenn Brummer , American baseball player
- 1954 - Ross Brawn , British engineer
- 1955 - Steven Brust , American author
- 1955 - Ludovico Einaudi , Italian composer and pianist
- 1959 - Maxwell Caulfield , British actor
- 1959 - Dominique Dunne , American actress (d. 1982 )
- 1963 - Joe Ahearne , British television director
- 1963 - Mamoru Takuma , Japanese mass murderer and rapist (d. 2004 )
- 1964 - Frank Rutherford , Bahamian athlete
- 1965 - Jennifer Michael Hecht , American poet and historian
- 1966 - Vincent Cassel , French actor
- 1966 - Jerry Kelly , American professional golfer
- 1968 - Hamid Hassani , Iranian lexicographer
- 1969 - Jonathan Seet , Canadian singer
- 1970 - Zoë Ball , British television and radio presenter
- 1971 - Lisa Kushell , American actress
- 1971 - Lisa Arch , American actress
- 1972 - Chris Adler , American musician ( Lamb Of God )
- 1973 - Trick Daddy , American rapper
- 1974 - Jamie Sharper , American football player
- 1974 - Saku Koivu , Finnish ice hockey player
- 1976 - Page Kennedy , American actor
- 1977 - Myriam Boileau , Canadian diver
- 1977 - Adam Eaton , American baseball player
- 1978 - Kayvan Novak , English actor
- 1979 - Kelly Brook , English actress/model
- 1980 - David Britz , American nanotechnologist
- 1980 - Jonathan Papelbon , American baseball player
- 1982 - Colby Armstrong , Canadian ice-hockey player
- 1984 - Lucas Grabeel , American actor and singer
- 1988 - Esmée Denters , Dutch singer-songwriter
- 1992 - Miley Cyrus , American actress and singer ( Hannah Montana )
- 947 - Berthold, Duke Of Bavaria
- 955 - Edred , King of England (b. c. 923 )
- 1407 - Louis Of Valois, Duke Of Orléans , brother of Charles VI Of France (murdered) (b. 1372 )
- 1457 - King Ladislaus Posthumus Of Bohemia And Hungary (b. 1440 )
- 1499 - Perkin Warbeck , Flemish imposter (b. 1474 )
- 1503 - Margaret Of York , wife of Charles I, Duke Of Burgundy (b. 1446 )
- 1572 - Agnolo Di Cosimo , Italian artist and poet (b. 1503 )
- 1585 - Thomas Tallis , English composer (b. 1505 )
- 1616 - Richard Hakluyt , English writer (b. 1552 )
- 1682 - Claude Lorrain , French painter (b. 1604 )
- 1763 - Friedrich Graf Von Seckendorf , German soldier (b. 1673 )
- 1769 - Constantine Mavrocordatos , Prince of Wallachia and Prince of Moldavia (b. 1711 )
- 1783 - Yoriyuki Arima , Japanese mathematician (b. 1714 )
- 1803 - Roger Newdigate , British politician (b. 1719 )
- 1804 - Richard Graves , British writer (b. 1715 )
- 1807 - Jean-François Rewbell , French politician (b. 1747 )
- 1814 - Elbridge Gerry , Vice President Of The United States Of America (b. 1744 )
- 1833 - Jean-Baptiste Jourdan , French marshal (b. 1762 )
- 1890 - King William III Of The Netherlands (b. 1817 )
- 1902 - Walter Reed , American bacteriologist (b. 1851 )
- 1923 - Urmuz , Romanian writer (b. 1883 )
- 1934 - Giovanni Brunero , Italian cyclist (b. 1895 )
- 1937 - Jagdish Chandra Bose , Indian physicist (b. 1858 )
- 1937 - George Albert Boulenger , Belgian naturalist (b. 1858 )
- 1948 - Hack Wilson , American baseball player (b. 1900 )
- 1966 - Seán T. O'Kelly , President Of Ireland (b. 1882 )
- 1972 - Marie Wilson , American actress (b. 1916 )
- 1973 - Sessue Hayakawa , Japanese actor (b. 1889 )
- 1974 - Cornelius Ryan , Irish-born author (b. 1920 )
- 1976 - André Malraux , French author (b. 1901 )
- 1979 - Merle Oberon , British actress (b. 1911 )
- 1979 - Judee Sill , American musician and songwriter (b. 1944 )
- 1983 - Juhan Muks , Estonian artist (b. 1899 )
- 1990 - Roald Dahl , British author (b. 1916 )
- 1990 - Bo Diaz , Venezuelan baseball player (b. 1953 )
- 1992 - Roy Acuff , American musician (b. 1903 )
- 1992 - Jean-François Thiriart , Belgian politician (b. 1922 )
- 1994 - Art Barr , American professional wrestler (b. 1966 )
- 1994 - Tommy Boyce , American songwriter (b. 1939 )
- 1995 - Louis Malle , French film director (b. 1932 )
- 1995 - Jr. Walker , American musician (b. 1931 )
- 1996 - Mohamed Amin , Kenyan photojournalist (b. 1943 )
- 1996 - Art Porter, Jr. , American jazz musician (b. 1961 )
- 1997 - Jorge Más Canosa , anti- Castro activist (b. 1939 )
- 2001 - Bo Belinsky , American baseball player (b. 1936 )
- 2001 - O.C. Smith , American singer (b. 1932 )
- 2002 - Roberto Matta , Chilean painter (b. 1911 )
- 2004 - Pete Franklin , American talk radio host (b. 1928 )
- 2005 - Frank Gatski , American football player (center) (b. 1919 )
- 2005 - Constance Cummings , American-born British actress (b. 1910 )
- 2006 - Nick Clarke , English radio presenter (b. 1948 )
- 2006 - Betty Comden , American lyricist (b. 1917 )
- 2006 - Alexander Litvinenko , Russian spy (b. 1962 )
- 2006 - Philippe Noiret , French actor (b. 1930 )
- 2006 - Anita O'Day , American singer (b. 1919 )
- 2006 - Willie Pep , American boxer (b. 1922 )
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