1957 In Science

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1957 In Science

The year 1957 in Science and Technology involved some significant events, listed below.

ASTRONOMY AND SPACE EXPLORATION

October 4 - Launch of Sputnik 1 , the first Artificial Satellite

November 3 - Launch of Sputnik 2 , with a dog called Laika on board, the first living thing sent into space.

December 6 - US attempted launch of Vanguard TV3 which fails after just two seconds in the air.

Project Orion begins, a U.S. program to build a spacecraft powered by nuclear explosions.

BIOLOGY

Structure of Myoglobin determined by X-ray Crystallography

COMPUTER SCIENCE

Prim's Algorithm developed

IBM makes FORTRAN scientific Programming Language available to customers. It becomes the most widely used computer language for technical work.

EXPLORATION

Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station established

PHYSICS

BCS Theory of Superconductivity developed by John Bardeen , Leon Cooper , and Robert Schrieffer

AWARDS

Nobel Prize s:

--- Physics - Chen Ning Yang and Tsung-Dao Lee

--- Chemistry - Lord Alexander R Todd

--- Medicine - Daniel Bovet

BIRTHS

July 12 - Rick D. Husband (d. 2003 ), American Astronaut .

DEATHS

February 8 - John Von Neumann (b. 1903 ), Mathematician .

February 18 - Henry Norris Russell (b. 1877 ), Astronomer .

May 7 - Wilhelm Filchner (b. 1877 ), Explorer .

August 21 - Harald Ulrik Sverdrup (b. 1888 ), Meteorologist and Oceanographer .