Year (''' MDCCCLXXVIII ''') was a Common Year Starting On Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Year Starting On Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian Calendar ).
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- January 6 - Carl Sandburg , American poet and historian (d. 1967 )
- January 12 - Ferenc Molnár , author (d. 1952 )
- January 20 - Ruth St. Denis , dancer (d. 1968 )
- January 25 - Ernst Alexanderson , Swedish-born television pioneer (d. 1975 )
- February 1 - Milan Hodža , Slovak politician, champion of regional integration in Europe (d. 1944 )
- February 2 - Alfréd Hajós , Hungarian swimmer and architect (d. 1955 )
- February 5 - André Citroën , French automobile manufacturer (d. 1935 )
- February 8 - Martin Buber , Austrian philosopher (d. 1965 )
- February 14 - Hirota Koki , Prime Minister Of Japan (d. 1948 )
- February 21 - The Mother (Mirra Alfassa), multi-origined spiritual leader and founder of Auroville in India (d. 1973 )
- February 26 - Emmy Destinn , Czech soprano (d. 1930 )
- February 28 - Pierre Fatou , French Mathematician (d. 1929 )
- March 4
- --- Egbert Van Alstyne , United States songwriter and pianist (d. 1951 )
- --- Peter D. Ouspensky , Russian philosopher (d. 1947 )
- --- Arishima Takeo , Japanese novelist, short-story writer and essayist (d. 1923 )
- March 16 - Clemens August Graf Von Galen , German Catholic cardinal (d. 1946 )
- March 22 - Michel Théato , Luxembourg athlete (d. 1919 )
- March 31 - Jack Johnson , American boxer (d. 1946 )
- April 6 - Erich Mühsam , German author (d. 1934 )
- April 24 - Jean Crotti , Swiss artist (d. 1958 )
- April 28
- --- Lionel Barrymore , American actor (d. 1954 )
- --- Willem Mengelberg , Dutch conductor (d. 1951 )
- May 3 - Cruz Hernandez , Oldest Living Person (disputed) (d. 2007 )
- May 10 - Gustav Stresemann , Chancellor Of Germany , recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1929 )
- May 25 - Bill Robinson , Tap Dancer (d. 1949 )
- May 26 - Isadora Duncan , American dancer (d. 1927 )
- May 28 - Paul Pelliot , French sinologist (d. 1945 )
- June 1 - John Masefield , English poet and novelist (d. 1967 )
- June 3 - Barney Oldfield , American automobile racer and pioneer (d. 1946 )
- June 5 - Pancho Villa , Mexican revolutionary (d. 1923 )
- July 4 - George M. Cohan , American singer, dancer, composer, actor, and writer (d. 1942 )
- July 22 - Janusz Korczak ( Henryk Goldszmit ), Polish-Jewish children's author, pediatrician, and child pedagogist (possibly born in 1879 ) (d. 1942 )
- July 24 - Edward Plunkett, Baron Dunsany , Irish author (d. 1957 )
- August 10 - Alfred Döblin , German writer (d. 1957 )
- August 28 - George Whipple , American scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize In Physiology Or Medicine (d. 1976 )
- August 31 - Frank Jarvis , American athlete (d. 1933 )
- September 5 - Robert Von Lieben , Austrian physicist (d. 1913 )
- September 13 - Matilde Moisant , American pilot (d. 1964 )
- September 20 - Upton Sinclair , American writer (d. 1968 )
- September 22 - Yoshida Shigeru , Prime Minister Of Japan (d. 1967 )
- September 24 - C. F. Ramuz , Swiss writer (d. 1947 )
- October 1 - Othmar Spann , Austrian philosopher and economist (d. 1950 )
- October 16 - Maxey Long , American athlete (d. 1959 )
- November 1 - Carlos Saavedra Lamas , Argentine politician, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1959 )
- November 14 - Leopold Staff , Polish poet (d. 1957 )
- November 17 - Grace Abbott , American social worker and activist (d. 1939 )
- November 26 - Marshall "Major" Taylor , American cyclist (d. 1932 )
- December 18 - Joseph Stalin , Soviet leader (d. 1953 )
- December 25
- --- Louis Chevrolet , Swiss-born race driver and automobile builder (d. 1941 )
- --- Joseph Schenck , Russian-born film executive (d. 1961 )
- December 28 - Nikolai Bryukhanov , Soviet statesman and political figure who served as People's Commissar of Finances (d. 1938 )
- December 31 - Elizabeth Arden , Canadian-born beautician and cosmetics entrepreneur (d. 1966 )
- December 31 - Horacio Quiroga , Argentina's writer was born in Salto, Uruguay (d. 1937 )
: ''See also .''
- January 9 - King Victor Emmanuel II Of Italy (b. 1820 )
- January 18 - Antoine César Becquerel , French scientist (b. 1788 )
- February 7 - Pope Pius IX (b. 1792 )
- February 11 - Gideon Welles , American politician (b. 1802 )
- February 19 - Charles-Francois Daubigny , French painter (b. 1817 )
- February 26 - Angelo Secchi , Italian astronomer (b. 1818 )
- March 8 - Archduke Franz Karl Of Austria (b. 1802 )
- April 8 - Henrietta Treffz , soprano, first wife of Johann Strauss II (b. 1818 )
- April 12 - William Marcy Tweed , American politician (b. 1823 )
- April 25 - Anna Sewell , English author (b. 1820 )
- May 28 - John Russell, 1st Earl Russell , Prime Minister Of The United Kingdom (b. 1792 )
- June 6
- --- Robert Stirling , Scottish clergyman and inventor (b. 1790 )
- --- Achille Baraguey D'Hilliers , Marshal of France (b. 1795 )
- --- Porter Rockwell , Mormon bodyguard (b. 1815 )
- June 12
- --- George V Of Hanover (b. 1819 )
- --- Hendrik Jut , murderer (b. 1851 )
: ''See also .''
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