1870s

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1870s

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1870s

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1870s

EVENTS AND TRENDS

Technology

The invention of the Telephone ( 1876 ) by Alexander Graham Bell .

The Light Bulb was invented.

The Phonograph is invented in 1877 by Thomas Edison .

Science

Ludwig Boltzmann 's statistical definition of Thermodynamic Entropy

War, peace and politics

Franco-Prussian War ( 1870 – 1871 ) results in the collapse of the Second French Empire and in the formation of both the French Third Republic and the German Empire

Continuing expansion of the British Empire ; beginning of the New Imperialism

Bulgaria and Romania declare independence following war against the Ottoman Empire

Passive resistance is used to prevent the confiscation of Māori land at Parihaka in New Zealand

Emergence of German Empire and Alliance System

Literature and Arts

Jules Verne publishes '' Around The World In 80 Days ''.

Other

In the United States , continuation of post- Civil War Reconstruction until its conclusion under President Rutherford B. Hayes in 1877

Jeanne Calment , born 1875 , would eventually become the longest-living human being in recorded history. She lived until 1997 , at the age of 122. She still holds the record as of 2007.

Atlas Bear goes extinct.

WORLD LEADERS

Emperor Franz Josef ( Austria-Hungary )

Prime Minister Sir John A. Macdonald ( Canada )

Prime Minister Alexander Mackenzie ( Canada )

Tongzhi Emperor ( China )

Guangxu Emperor ( China )

Emperor Wilhelm I ( German Empire )

Chancellor Otto Von Bismarck ( German Empire )

King Victor Emmanuel II ( Italy )

King Umberto I ( Italy )

Emperor Meiji ( Japan )

Pope Pius IX

Pope Leo XIII

Emperor Alexander II ( Russia )

King Alfonso XII ( Spain )

Queen Victoria ( United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Ireland )

Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone ( United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Ireland )

Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli ( United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Ireland )

President Ulysses S. Grant ( United States )

President Rutherford B. Hayes ( United States )

Nasser-al-Din Shah of Qajar Dynasty ( Persia )